Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Adverse Drug Reactions Deck (23)
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1
Q

Are adverse effects different from side effects?

A

Yes

2
Q

What are the 6 classes of adverse effects.

A

A - augmented, dose dependent, predictable
B - bizarre, dose independent, unpredictable
C - chronic
D - delayed
E - end of treatment effects
F - failure of therapy

3
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of Type A effects.

A
  1. Pre renal failure
  2. Renal - tubular necrosis etc
  3. Post renal
  4. Drug interactions
4
Q

What mechanism are diuretics and ACE Is involved in?

A

pre renal

5
Q

What effect do ACE Is and ARBs have in terms of pre renal failure?

A

D and V

6
Q

What effect do diuretics have in terms of pre renal failure?

A

dehydration

7
Q

Give 3 examples of type a renal adverse effects.

A

gentamicin - sepsis
sulphonamides - RA
aspirin - CV disease

8
Q

Give 2 examples of post renal effects.

A

methysergide - cluster headaches

chemotherapy - acute leukemias

9
Q

What are 3 examples of Type B.

A

Drug rashes
Bone marrow aplasia - chloramphenicol antibiotic
Hepatic necrosis - halothane

10
Q

Do Type B reactions have a high mortality?

A

YES

11
Q

What type is associated with prolonged therapy?

A

Type C

12
Q

Give 3 examples of type C effects.

A

Steroids - Cushings
Beta blockers - Diabetes
NSAIDs - hypertension

13
Q

Can type C reactions be anticipated?

A

yes

14
Q

Give 2 examples of Type D effects.

A

Secondary malignancies post chemotherapy

Craniofacial abnormalities in children of women taking isotretinoin

15
Q

What type is associated with withdrawal?

A

TYPE E

16
Q

Give an example of a a rebound effect in Type E

A

beta blocker withdrawal - angina

17
Q

Give an example of a loss of physiological coping in Type E

A

steroid withdrawal and Addisonian crisis

18
Q

Give an example of a mechanism dependent biological activity in Type E

A

anticonvulsant withdrawal/changes and epilepsy frequency

19
Q

What does theophylline interact with?

A

macrolides

20
Q

What do statins interact with?

A

macrolides

fibrates

21
Q

What do TCAs interact with?

A

type 1 anti arrythmics

22
Q

ACE Is increase hypoglycaemic effect of what?

A

sulfonylureas

23
Q

Clopidigrel interacts with what?

A

PPIs