Aggression

Question 1

Define aggression

Answer 1

Intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 2

what are characteristics of aggression? Give an example

Answer 2

The intent to harm, outside rules, reactive, out of control, deliberate and hostile. Punching someone after a foul in rugby, verbal abuse

Question 3

Define assertion

Answer 3

Well motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 4

What are characteristics of assertion? Give an example

Answer 4

Controlled, well motivated, generally within the rules, goal-directed, not intended to harm. A hard fair tackle in rugby, assertive drive to basket to perform lay-up

Question 5

Give an example of the overlap between aggression and assertion

Answer 5

In boxing it is within the rules to punch your opponent and there is also an intent to cause harm- aspects of both aggression and assertion

Question 6

Define catharsis

Answer 6

cleansing the emotions; using sport as an outlet for aggression

Question 7

what are characteristics of catharsis?

Answer 7

cleansing the emotions, letting off steam, sport can be used to channel aggression. If the aggressive intent is given an outlet, then the aggressive drive will be reduced. more aggression may occur if catharsis does not occur

Question 8

What are causes of aggression?

Answer 8

playing badly, feeling like teammates aren’t trying, disagreement with officials’ decisions, provocation by opponent/crowd, important game, religious/cultural reasons, contact sports, naturally aggressive personality, social learning, over-arousal

Question 9

How can a coach uses strategies to control aggression?

Answer 9

Punish aggressive acts/fine players/ drop from match, remove from situation, encourage peer support, set goals, highlight non aggressive behaviour, positive reinforcement, develop fitness levels, give player responsibility

Question 10

How can a player use strategies to control aggression?

Answer 10

Cognitive techniques- mental rehearsal, imagery, visualisation, selective attention, positive self talk.
Somatic techniques- Walk away from situation, channel aggression, use stress management techniques, biofeedback, set non aggressive goals

Question 11

How can an official use strategies to control aggression?

Answer 11

Punish players by sending them off, apply rules consistently, talk to players to calm them down, give immediate sanctions