Personality Flashcards
Lesson 1 (14 cards)
What is a personality?
A ‘Unique psychological make-up’
What are personality characteristics of extroverts?
-Outgoing
-Comfortable in other people’s company
-Tend to prefer team sports
- Very confident
-Cope better with arousal
-Perform better under pressure
-Like a challenge
-Enjoy responsibility
What are personality characteristics of an Introvert?
-Shy/reserved
-Comfortable in own company
- Tend to prefer individual sports
-Don’t work well when over-aroused
-Prefer activities that accuracy rather than force
What are the three aspects of personality
Trait(Nature)
Social Learning(nature)
Interactionist Perspective
What are the features of Trait Theory (Nature)?
-Believes individuals are born with innate characteristics called traits.
These are determine genetically
They are deemed to be stable as they are permanent in different situations doesn’t change behaviour is seen to be consistent
the theory suggest that personality is predictable
Can behaviour always be predicted?
-Personalities/behaviour can change with the situation/environment
-Trait theory does not consider that our personalities can be formed by experience
-Individuals may consciously decide to structure their own personality
What are the features of the Social Learning Approach?
-Believes we learn our personality/behaviours from other people, especially those we hold in high esteem (significant others)
-More likely to cope from the with similar characteristics: age, gender, ability
-Personality traits are developed by associating with others and picking up their behaviours that are seen to be reinforced, successful and powerfull
-More likely to copy behaviour that is consistently show to us
-Changes according to the situation, so personality/behaviour cannot be predicted
What is the process of social learning approach?
Observe
Identify
Reinforce
Copy
Can personality/behaviour really not be predicted?
-Completely disregards the genetical aspect to trait theory and that a person has a natural tendency to show specific behaviour in any given situation
-Hard to measure the influence of learning/ change of behaviour
-Some people never change
What are features of the Interactionist Perspective?
-Believes behaviours can be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences
-It combines the two underlying concepts: Trait Theory and the Social Learning Approach
-Their and 2 models with this perspective: Lewin’s Model and the Hollander Model
What is Lewin model?
-An individuals personality is produced when both their natural traits and the experiences they have learned combine in a specific situation
- B= F (P x E) meaning behaviour is a function of personality x Environment
-A performer will adapt to the situation they find themselves in even behaving differently to how they would normally
-The interactionist approach suggests that we can predict personality/behaviour in a specific situation and account for behaviour change to suit the situation
-This can help coaches as they are able to predict how a player will react in a specific situation, This is because innate, consistent traits can be adapted to the situation and those traits will produce a typical response
What is the hollander Model?
-Suggests their are three aspects to an individual personality
- The core, the typical response and role-related behaviour
- The core- the real you and your true beliefs/values. It does not change and represents the stable aspects of your personality
-Typical responses- Describes how individuals usually response
- Role -related behaviour- How an individual responds in a specific environment. This may be uncharacteristic behaviour. Most unstable aspect of your personality and does not necessarily reflect your core
-Hollander believed that the environment does influence behaviour
How can interactionist perspective improve performance?
- Allows coach to predict situations to avoid specific aspects of personality being displayed
- Coach identifies aspects of personality or behaviour to be changed. creating situations in training or experiences to cause change in behaviour
- Coach alters behaviour for improved performance, by encouraging performers to act in certain ways in specific circumstances
What are limitations in the interactionist perspective?
-Personality is seen as stable however the environment can be unstable. Particular competitive situations may requires varying behavioural responses from a performer which may be difficult depending upon their traits
- A performers core values could be very hard to alter and therefore the behaviour they exert during competition may remain stable and this could affect performance positively or negatively
-Reinforcement from significant others could lead to the behaviour of the performer being continued, which ma have a positive or negative effects during competition
-Performers need to understand their personality profile as this may assist them in altering/adapting/ learning to cope better in any given competitive situation
