Attitudes Flashcards
Lesson 2 (18 cards)
Define an attitude?
‘Its what you think about something’
or
‘A value aimed at an attitude object’
How are attitudes formed?
Attitudes can be positive or negative and are developed through experiences rather than being innate
They are often developed at an early stage
What are the 4 things attitudes are formed from?
- Past experiences
- Socialisation
- Social Learning (nature)
- Media
give an example of how a past experiences form attitudes
Winning a match is an enjoyable experience leading to the individual developing a positive attitude, this leads to them having a high perception of their own ability increasing confidence
If they have a bad experience, losing/injured this leads to a negative attitude= poor perception low confidence could develop learned helplessness
How does socialisation form attitudes?
describes how an individual wishes to fit in with the cultural norms surrounding them If the norm of your group participate regularly in and have a positive attitude towards physical activity then you will conform in order to fit it
However if it is the norm to not participate and have a negative attitude you will adopt these
How does social learning form attitudes?
Imitating the attitudes of significant others, if they have a positive attitude towards a particular sporting activity it is likely you will copy them, especially if you are reinforced or praised for doing so
Conversely if they hold a negative attitude and abstain from participating it is likely you will copy the same attitude
How does media form attitudes?
High-profile role models in the media often display positive attitudes and, if you regard them highly, you are likely yo adopt their positive attitude towards being active
What is the Triadic Model?
(ABC)
Regardless of how an attitude was formed it is up of three parts/components
Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive
What is the affective part of the triadic model? Give an example
Feelings and emotions a sense of enjoyment
For example ‘I enjoy playing squash and feel energised after each training session’
What is the Behavioural part of the Triadic model? Give an example
Reflects what you do shown by actions and habits of the performer
Eg ‘I have 1-2-1 training twice a week and compere on the club’s squash ladder’
What is the cognitive part of the triadic model? Give an example
What you think represents your beliefs
EG. I believe/think that I can be a successful squash player
How can attitudes be inconsistent?
A performer may believe that attending a gym is good for them and really enjoy it when they go but may not actually attend due to lack of motivation or time
beliefs do not always correspond with behaviour, and sometimes all three aspects of a persons attitude may be negative
Why is it important to change attitudes?
Positive attitudes need to be encouraged so performers maintain motivation and effort and continue to take part in the activity
Some general strategies to change a negative attitude include ensuring a positive/successful experiences, praising positive behaviours, punishing negative behaviours and using positive role models
What are the two concepts used to change attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
Persuasive Communication
What is cognitive consonance?
All components match. Their beliefs feelings and actions are in harmony and their attitudes will remain (positive or negative)
What is Cognitive dissonance?
New information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change
What are the 4 ways a coach can use cognitive dissonance?
- New info/new activity- Presenting them with something new will question their current attitudes and become more motivated to change
- Fun- Varying and fun practice can make attitude more positive as its enjoyable
- Rewards- Using rewards as reinforcements may increase turnout training/matches motivated
4.Role models- The coach could bring in a specialist other than role model player to encourage participation
What is Persuasive Communication?
Sports performers can be talked into changing attitude. Attitudes are fairly stable and have a set core beliefs so people can be quite resistance to change. Communication needs to be relevant and important, understood and have real quality. The person needs to be of high status- role model to encourage to change attitude. Timing is vital- after a loss a talk might encourage a performer to change.
