All The Other Drugs Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
ICS Anti-Inflammatories
What are 6 Drugs that are ICS drugs that are used for anti-inflammatories?
A
- Flovent
- Beclomethasone
- Pulmicort
- Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
- Mometasone
- Arnuity (Fluticasone Furoate)
2
Q
Flovent
What are its times?
A
- Onset –> Not immediate (controller drug)
- Peak –> Several days to weeks
- Duration –> ~12 hours (BID Drug morning + evening)
3
Q
Flovent
What is its mechanism of action?
A
- ↑anti-inflammatory protein synthesis
- ↑B2 receptor expression –> Better B2 agonist response
- ↓prod of inflammatory cytokines + mediators
4
Q
Flovent
When is it used?
A
- Asthma cases + COPD Cases (when ICS indicated)
- NOT for acute symptom relief
5
Q
Flovent
What are potential side effects? (4)
A
- Oral Thrush
- Voice changes
- Sore throat
- Cough/Reflex bronchospasm
6
Q
Beclomethasone
What are its times?
A
- Onset –> Gradual (not listed)
- Peak –> Several days to 2 weeks
- Duration –> ~6-8hrs (3-4x a day delivery)
7
Q
Beclomethasone
What form does it come in?
A
MDI
8
Q
Beclomethasone
What is it used to treat?
A
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Asthma
Can be used in ICS/LABA combination
9
Q
Beclomethasone
What are its side effects?
A
- Oral thrush
- Voice change
- Throat irritation/cough
- Bronchospasm (rare)
10
Q
Pulmicort
What are its times?
A
- Onset –> slower than bronchodilators
- Peak –> Days to weeks
- Duration –> ~12hrs (BID Delivery)
11
Q
Pulmicort
What two forms does this drug come in?
A
- Nebule
- Turbuhaler
12
Q
Pulmicort
What is its mechanism of action? (4)
A
- Activates anti-inflammatory genes
- Supress inflammatory mediator release
- Reduce eosinophil activity
- Improve responsiveness of B2 receptors
13
Q
Pulmicort
What is it used to treat?
A
- Long-term asthma
- Pediatric asthma
- COPD
- Croup in pediatrics
14
Q
Pulmicort
What are its side effects?
A
- Oral thrush
- Voice changes
- Throat irritation
- Cough/bronchospasm (rare)
15
Q
Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
What is it used to treat?
A
- Hay fever
- allergic rhinitis
16
Q
Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
What are its times?
A
- Onset –> gradual
- Peak –> several days to weeks
- Duration –> Unknown (1x a day)
17
Q
Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
What forms dues this drug come in?
A
- MDI
- Nasal spray
PRODRUG!
18
Q
Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
What does it do?
A
- Binds to glucocorticoids
- ↓airway inflammation
- ↓cytokine release
- ↓eosinophillic infiltration
19
Q
Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
What is it used to treat?
A
- allergic rhinitis
- people with persistent asthma
20
Q
Alvesco (Ciclesonide)
What are its side effects?
A
- Oral thrush (lower risk vs others)
- Voice change
- Throat irritation
- Systemic corticosteroid effects (Rare)
21
Q
Mometasone
What is it used to treat?
A
Chronic asthma
22
Q
Mometasone
What forms is it delivered in?
A
- MDI
- DPI
- Nasal Spray
23
Q
Mometasone
What is its mechanism of action?
A
Binds to glucocorticoid receptors
- ↓inflammatory cytokines
- ↓airway edema
- ↓esinophillic + mast cell activity
- ↑B2 receptor sensitivity + responsiveness
24
Q
Mometasone
What are its side effects?
A
- Oral thrush
- Voice change
- Throat irritation
- Systemic effects (rare, but possible w/ high dses)
25
# Arnuity (Fluticasone Furoate)
What are its times?
- Onset --> Not immediate
- Peak --> Several days to weeks
- Duration --> 24hrs
26
# Arnuity (Fluticasone Furoate)
What forms does it come in?
Ellipta DPI
27
# Arnuity (Fluticasone Furoate)
What is its mechanism of action?
Binds to glucocorticoid receptor
- ↓cytokine production
- ↓inflammatory mediator release
- ↓immune cell activity (eosinophils + mast cells)
- ↑B2 sensitivity
28
# Arnuity (Fluticasone Furoate)
What is it used to treat?
- Asthma
29
# Arnuity (Fluticasone Furoate)
What are its side effects?
1. Oral thrush
2. Voice change
3. Throat irritation
4. Systemic corticosteroid effects (rare)
30
What are 2 ICS + LABA Drugs?
1. Zenhale
2. Breo (Fluticasone Furoate + Vilanterol)
31
# Zenhale
What are its times?
- Onset --> ~3min
- Peak --> 10-30min
- Duration --> 12hrs
32
# Zenhale
What form is this drug delivered in?
MDI
33
# Zenhale
What is its mechanism of action?
- Stimulates B2 receptors
- Binds to glucocorticoid receptors --> ↓airway inflammation
- ↓cytonine release
- ↓Eosinophillic activity
34
# Zenhale
What are potential side effects? (6)
- Oral thrush
- Voice change
- Throat irritation
- Tremors/Headaches
- ↑HR/palpatations
- Hypokalemia (rare)
35
# Breo (Fluticasone Furoate + Vilanterol)
What are its times?
- Onset --> Within 1hr
- Peak --> 1-2hrs
- Duration --> 24hrs
36
# Breo (Fluticasone Furoate + Vilanterol)
WHat firm is it delivered in?
DPI Ellipta
37
# Breo (Fluticasone Furoate + Vilanterol)
What is its mechanism of action?
-Binds to glucocorticoid receptors
- ↓inflammatory mediators
- ↓eosinophils + mast cells
- ↑ B2 receptor responsiveness
38
# Breo (Fluticasone Furoate + Vilanterol)
What is it used to treat?
Asthma + COPD
39
# Breo (Fluticasone Furoate + Vilanterol)
What are its side effects?
- Oral thrush
- Voice change
- Throat irritation
- Tremors/Headaches
- Tachycardia/palpitations
- Hypokalemia (rare)
40
What is an antifibrotic/anti-inflammatory drug?
Esbriet (Pirfenidone)
41
# Esbriet (Pirfenidone)
What are its times?
- Onset --> Within 3 months
- Peak --> 6-7months
- Duration --> Unknown
42
# Esbriet (Pirfenidone)
What form is it delivered in?
Oral tablets
43
# Esbriet (Pirfenidone)
What is its mechanism of action?
- ↓fibroblast proliferation
- ↓prod of fibrogenic mediators (TGF-B and TNF-a)
- ↓deposition of extracellular matrix + collagen
44
# Esbriet (Pirfenidone)
What is it used to treat?
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (slows it down as best as possible)
45
# Esbriet (Pirfenidone)
What are side effects?
- Nausea + Diarrhea
- Photosensitivity/Rash
- Fatigue
- Liver enzyme elevation
46
What are nicotine patches, lozenges, and gyms used for?
Mitigating nicotine withdrawl reactions to help people who are trying to quit smoking.
47
# Zyban (Bupropion)
What are its times?
- Onset --> 1-3 weeks
- Peak --> 2-4 weeks
- Duration --> 7-12 weeks
48
# Zyban (Bupropion)
What form is it delivered in?
Oral tablet
49
# Zyban (Bupropion)
What is its mechanism of action?
- Inhibit reuptake of dopamine + norepinephrine
- Affect rewards and craving pathways related to nicotine addiction
50
# Zyban (Bupropion)
When is it used?
- To help ppl quit smoking
- To help with concurrent depression/anxiety
51
# Zyban (Bupropion)
What are its side effects?
- Insomnia
- Dry mouth
- Agitation/restlessness
- Headache
52
# Champix (varenicline)
What are its times?
- Onset --> Unknown
- Peak --> 1-4 weeks
- Duration --> 24hrs
53
# Champix (varenicline)
How is it delivered?
Oral tablets
54
# Champix (varenicline)
What is its mechanism of action?
- a4-b2 nicotinic ACh receptor partial agonist
- Provide low-level nicotine like stimulation to ↓withdrawl
- Blocks nicotine binding to these receptors
55
# Champix (Varenicline)
What is it used for?
- Helps ppl quit smoking
- Reduces withdrawl symptoms + Craving intensity
56
# Champix (Varenicline)
What are its side effects?
- Nausea
- Sleep disturbances
- Headache
- GI upset
- Mood changes
57
# BLES (Bovine Lipid Extracted Surfactant)
What are its times?
- Onset --> Immediately upon lungs delivery
- Peak --> Very fast (distributed + activated within minutes)
- Duration --> varies (upto 4 doses over first 5 days)
58
# BLES (Bovine Lipid Extracted Surfactant)
What forms does it come in?
- Intratracheal instillation
59
# BLES (Bovine Lipid Extracted Surfactant)
What is its mechanism of action?
- Replaces deficient endogenous surfactant in premature infants
- Restores surface tension balance in alveoli to prevent collapse during exhalation
60
# BLES (Bovine Lipid Extracted Surfactant)
What is it used for?
- RDS for premature neonates
61
# BLES (Bovine Lipid Extracted Surfactant)
What are its potential side effects?
- Transient bradycardia/oxygen desaturation during instillation
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Endotracheal tube blockage
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