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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology > Allergies - Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Allergies - Chapter 24 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Allergy

A

-A hypersensitivity reaction by the immune system upon exposure to an allergen

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2
Q

Allergen

A

-A type of antigen that produces an immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body

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3
Q

Common Allergies

A
  • Pollen
  • Dust mites
  • Molds
  • Animal dander
  • Insect bites
  • Latex
  • Foods
  • Drugs
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4
Q

Mechanism of Allergic Response

A
  • Exposure to allergen
  • Immune system treats allergen as an invader and activates B cells to produce antibodies to the allergen
  • Release of inflammatory substances causes the symptoms of the allergic reaction
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5
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

-Symptoms are caused by inflammation of the nasal passageways causing itching, sneezing, runny nose, etc.

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6
Q

Allergic

Conjunctivitis

A

-Inflammation of the eyes causing red, puffy, watering, itchy, and/or burning eyes

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7
Q

Urticaria

A
  • Hives

- Caused by insect bites, drugs, foods, etc.

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8
Q

Anaphylaxis

A
  • A life threatening allergic reaction
  • Most dangerous symptoms are: impaired breathing and an extreme drop in blood pressure causing dizziness, fainting, etc.
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9
Q

Anaphylaxis Treatment

A

-epinephrine im, iv, or sc

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10
Q

Generic: epinephrine

A

Adrenalin
EpiPen
Allerject

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11
Q

Drug Treatment of Allergies

A
  • Reduce inflammation and supress release of cells that mediate immune and inflammatory responses
  • Block receptor sites of mediators
  • Symptom relief
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12
Q

Classifications of Drugs Used to Treat Allergies

A
  • Antihistamines
  • Intranasal corticosteroids
  • Oral or iv corticosteroids
  • Mast cell stabilizers
  • Leukotrine receptor antagonists
  • Immunotherapy
  • Vasoconstrictors
  • Topical corticosteroids
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13
Q

Antihistamines

A

-Prevent binding at H1 receptor sites by competing with free histamine

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14
Q

First Generation/Non-Selective/Classical Antihistamines Examples

A
  • diphenhydramine
  • brompheniramine
  • chlorpheniramine
  • hydroxyzine
  • trimeprazine
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15
Q

Generic: diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • OTC
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16
Q

Generic: brompheniramine

A

Combination products for allergy and cold

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • OTC
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17
Q

Generic: chlorpheniramine

A

Chlorpheniramine

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • OTC
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18
Q

Generic: hydroxyzine

A

Atarax

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • RX
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19
Q

Generic: trimeprazine

A

Panectyl

  • First generation/non-selective/classical antihistamine
  • RX
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20
Q

-First Generation/Non-Selective/Classical Antihistamines ADR’s

A
  • Sedation
  • Possible thickening of mucus
  • Dry mouth
  • Pupil dilation
  • Urinary retention
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21
Q

First Generation Antihistamines Warning Labels

A
  • MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS

- MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS

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22
Q

Second Generation (Selective) Antihistamines

A

-More selective for H1 receptors, no anticholinergic action, and generally do not cross BBB

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23
Q

Second Generation Antihistamines Examples

A
  • cetirizine
  • ketotifen
  • loratidine
  • desloratidine
  • fexofenadine
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24
Q

Generic: cetirizine

Study These Flashcards
A

Reactine

  • Second generation antihistamine
  • 20 mg is RX, 5 & 10mg are OTC

Warning Labels:
-MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS

25
Generic: ketotifen
Zaditine Zaditor - Second generation antihistamine - RX
26
Generic: loratidine
Claritin - Second generation antihistamine - OTC
27
Generic: desloratidine
Aerius - Second generation antihistamine - OTC
28
Generic: fexofenadine
Allegra - Second generation antihistamine - OTC Warning Labels: -AVOID ORANGE, GRAPEFRUIT, AND APPLE JUICE
29
Second Generation Antihistamines Warning Labels
-PROTECT FROM MOISTURE | DISSOLVE UNDER THE TONGUE
30
Topical Optic Antihistamines Examples
- lodoxamide - olopatadine - ketotifen
31
Generic: lodoxamide
Alomide - Topical optic antihistamine - RX
32
Generic: olopatadine
Patanol - Topical optic antihistamine - RX
33
Intranasal Corticosteroids
- Inhibit onset of inflammatory response | - Reduce number of inflammatory cells
34
Intranasal Corticosteroids Examples
- beclomethasone - budesonide - flunisolide - fluticasone propionate - fluticasone furoate - mometasone - ciclesonide - triamcinolone
35
Generic: beclomethasone
Beconase AQ -Intranasal corticosteroid
36
Generic: budesonide
Rhinocort Aqua Rhinocort Turbohaler -Intranasal corticosteroid
37
Generic: flunisolide
Rhinalar -Intranasal corticosteroid
38
Generic: fluticasone propionate
Flonase -Intranasal corticosteroid
39
Generic: fluticasone furoate
Avamys -Intranasal corticosteroid
40
Generic: mometasone
Nasonex -Intranasal corticosteroid
41
Generic: ciclesonide
Omnaris -Intranasal corticosteroid Warning Labels: -DISPOSE OF 4 MONTHS AFTER OPENING FOIL PACKET
42
Generic: triamcinolone
Nasacort AQ -Intranasal corticosteroid
43
Intranasal Corticosteroids ADR's
- Nasal burning or stinging - Throat irritation - Nose bleed - Nasal candida infection
44
Intranasal Corticosteroids Warning Labels
- SHAKE WELL - FOR THE NOSE - PRIME AS DIRECTED
45
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Cromolyn sodium is the only mast cell stabilizer available for intranasal use -Administered to reduce nasal reactivity to allergens
46
Generic: sodium cromolyn nasal
Rhinaris Nalcrom -Intranasal corticosteroid
47
Generic: sodium cromolyn optic
Opticrom
48
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
- montelukast | - zafirlukast
49
Generic: montelukast
Singulair -Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
50
Generic: zafirlukast
Accolate - Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist - TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH
51
Immunotherapy
- Allergy shots | - Can reduce allergy symptoms over a longer period of time
52
Vasoconstrictors
- To alleviate the nasal congestion caused by allergic rhinitis b y constricting blood vessels in the nose which results in decreased inflammation and decreased fluid - Topical or oral - All are OTC
53
Vasoconstrictors Examples
- pseudoephedrine - phenylephrine - ephedrine - xylometazoline - oxymetazoline
54
Generic: pseudoephedrine
Sudafed Eltor 120 - Vasoconstrictor - Oral
55
Generic: phenylephrine
Sudafed PE Decongestant - Vasoconstrictor - Oral
56
Generic: ephedrine
ephedrine - Vasoconstrictor - Oral
57
Generic: xylometazoline
Otrivin - Vasoconstrictor - Topical nasal spray
58
Generic: oxymetazoline
Dristan Nasal Mist - Vasoconstrictor - Topical nasal spray

Pharmacology and Therapeutic Terminology (97 decks)

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