Fungal Infections - Chapter 33 Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
Fungi
A
- Primitive plant-like cells that reproduce by budding, releasing spores, or fusing hyphae
- many are beneficial and do not cause disease, some can cause severe illness
2
Q
Mycoses
A
Fungal infections
3
Q
Fungal Infections of the Skin
A
Most fungal infections are caused my dermatophytes
4
Q
Dermatophytes
A
- Thrive on dead skin and keratin found on skin, hair, and nails
- Not found in mouth or vaginal mucosa, but groin often affected
5
Q
Tinea Fungal
Infections
A
Mycoses caused by the dermatophyte tinea are named for the site of the infection
6
Q
Tinea manus
A
Hands
7
Q
Tinea corporis
A
body
8
Q
Tinea capitis
A
head
9
Q
Tinea unguium
A
nails
10
Q
Tinea pedis
A
feet
11
Q
Athlete’s Foot (tinea pedis)
A
- Common infection that affects athletes and non-athletes
- easily acquired by walking across infected surface
- flaking, itching, burning and peeling of skin between toes
12
Q
Ringworm
A
- Caused by tinea fungi
- May occur on body, scalp, feet, fingernails, or toenails
- Is contagious and can be spread between humans and animals
13
Q
Onychomycosis
A
-Fungal infections of the nails
14
Q
Candidiasis
A
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is known as a “yeast infection”
Signs and symptoms include:
- itching
- cottage cheese-like discharge
- pain during intercourse
15
Q
Risk factors for vulvovaginal Candidiasis
A
- Decreased immune status
- Diabetes
- Drug therapy
- Pregnancy or menses
- Sexual activity
- Douching
- Tight, synthetic clothing; bath products
16
Q
Oral Candidiasis (thrush)
A
- Candida infection in the oral cavity
- Common in infants
17
Q
Antifungal Agents MOA
A
- Destroying the fungus’s cell membrane
- Interference with the synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication
- Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis
18
Q
Antifungals Classification
A
- Imidazoles and triazoles
- Allylamines
- Polyenes
- Thiocarbamates
- Echinocandins
- Misc.
19
Q
Imidazoles and Triazoles
A
-Common ending: “azoles”
- Interfere with ergosteral, an essential component needed for the synthesis of the fungal cell membrane
- Some are OTC, some are RX and some are both, depending on formulation
20
Q
Generic: clotrimazole
A
Canesten, Clotrimaderm
- OTC
- For vaginal or skin candida infections
21
Q
Generic: miconazole
A
Monistat, Micatin
- OTC
- For vaginal or skin candida infections
22
Q
Generic: ketoconazole
A
Nizoral
Shampoo
-OTC
23
Q
Generic: fluconazole
A
Diflucan
- Only 150 mg oral are OTC
- 50 mg, 100 mg, and oral suspension are RX
24
Q
Fluconazole ADR’s
A
- Headache
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
25
Fluconazole Tech Note
- Contraindicated in pregnancy
- NO GRAPEFRUIT
- Many drug interactions
26
Generic: itraconazole
Sporanox
- RX
- For systemic infections, nail fungus, or solution may be used for esophageal candidiasis
27
Generic: ketoconazole
Nizoral
tablets or cream
- RX
- For systemic infections, nail fungus, or dermal fungal infections
28
ketoconazole and itraconazole ADR's
- Liver toxicity
- Nausea/vomiting
- GI upset
29
ketoconazole and itraconazole Warming Labels
- AVOID ALCOHOL
- AVOID GRAPEFRUIT PRODUCTS
- TAKE WITH FOOD (except itraconazole solution: empty stomach)
30
Generic: posaconazole
Posanol
-RX
Warning Labels:
-TAKE WITH FOOD
31
Generic: voriconazole
Vfend
- RX
- For treatment or prevention of systemic candidiasis or Aspergillus
Warning Labels:
-TAKE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH
32
posaconazole and voriconazole ADR's
- Liver toxicity
- Nausea/vomiting
- GI upset
33
posaconazole and voriconazole Warning Labels
-AVOID ALCOHOL
34
Generic: terconazole
Terazol
- RX
- Vaginal cream
35
Generic: efinaconazole
Jublia
- RX
- topical for nail fungus
36
Allylamine Antifungals
-stunt the growth of fungi by blocking an enzyme needed for the synthesis of ergosterol
37
Generic: terbinafine
Lamisil
-RX
38
Allylamine Antifungals ADR's
- Liver toxicity
- Headache
- Taste and smell disturbances
39
Allylamine Warning Labels
-AVOID ALCOHOL
40
Polyene Antifungals
-Inhibit the synthesis of the fungal cell membrane
41
Generic: amphotericin B
Fungizone
- treats systemic infections caused by candidiasis, histoplasma, and aspergilla
- iv and light sensitive
42
Generic: nystatin
Mycostatin, Nilstat, Nyaderm
- Treats candida infections on the skin and mucous membranes
- Topical cream and ointment are OTC
- Oral tablets, suspension, and vaginal products are RX
43
Thiocarbamates
- Tolnaftate is the only thiocarbamate
| - Stunts growth of susceptible dermatophytes
44
Generic: tolnaftate
Tinactin
- OTC
- Used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot, and ringworm
45
Echinocandin Antifungals
- anidulafungin
- caspofungin
- micafungin
46
Generic: anidulafungin
Eraxis
-Used to treat infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus
MUST REFRIGERATE
47
Generic: caspofungin
Cancidas
-Used to treat infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus
MUST REFRIGERATE
48
Generic: micafungin
Mycamine
-Used to treat infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus
MUST REFRIGERATE
49
Misc Antifungals
ciclopirox
50
Generic: ciclopirox
Loprox (cream and lotion), Penlac (nail laquer),
Stieprox (shampoo)
-Used to treat tinea infections and mild onychomycosis
51
Generic: clioquinol/flumethasone
Locacorten Vioform
