Reproductive System - Chapter 27 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Contraception: Prevention of Pregnancy
A
- Behavioral
- Mechanical barriers
- Spermicidal
- Hormonal
- Surgical
2
Q
Behavioral Contraception
A
- Abstinence
- Using a calendar to calculate fertile period and abstaining on those days
3
Q
Spermicides
A
- Kill sperm
- Foams, jellies, creams
4
Q
Mechanical Barrier Contraceptives
A
- Block sperm from entering the uterus
- Condoms, diaphragms, cervical cap
5
Q
Surgical Methods for Contraception
A
-Female tubal ligation and male vasectomy
6
Q
Types of Condoms
A
- Latex condoms
- Polyurethane condoms
- Lambskin condoms
- Invisible condoms
- Female condoms
7
Q
Diaphragm
A
- Rx only in canada
- Spermicide is placed in the diaphragm before insertion
- Must be inserted before sexual intercourse and remain in the vagina for 6-8 hours after
8
Q
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
A
- Prevents fertilization
- Do not protect against STI’s
- 2 Types: copper, and hormonal
- > 99% effective
9
Q
Copper IUD’s
A
- Small T-shaped device wrapped in copper
- Stops sperm from making their way through the uterus into the fallopian tubes
- Nova T, FlexiT, Liberte
10
Q
Hormonal IUD’s
A
- Progestin secreting device, inserted into the uterus
- Thickens cervical mucus, thins endometrial lining
- Release levonorgestrel
11
Q
Generic: levonorgestrel
A
Plan B - oral
Mirena - IUD
Jaydess - IUD
12
Q
Hormonal IUD’s ADR’s
A
- Acne
- Weight gain
- Headache
- Spotting for first 3 months
13
Q
Oral Contraceptives (OCP or BCP)
A
- Contain a combination of an estrogen + a progestin or a progestin only
- Generally 21 or 28 day
14
Q
OCP MOA
A
- FSH and LH secretion is inhibited through negative feedback
- Mature follicles do not develop and ovulation is prevented
15
Q
Classification of Combination OCP’s
A
- First generation
- Second generation
- Third generation
- Fourth generation
16
Q
First Generation Combination OCP’s
A
ee + ethynodiol or norethindrone as the progestin
17
Q
Second Generation Combination OCP’s
A
ee + levonorgestrel
18
Q
Third Generation Combination OCP’s
A
ee + norgestimate or desogestrel
19
Q
Fourth Generation Combination OCP’s
A
ee + drospirenone
20
Q
Oral Contraceptives ADR’s
A
- Loss of appetite
- Pain or muscle soreness
- Change in menstrual pattern
- Breast tenderness
- Cramping
- Signs of vaginal infection
- Blurred vision
- Weight gain
- DVT, thromboembolism, heart attack, stroke
21
Q
OCP Contraindications
A
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- History of blood clots
- Smokers >35 years
- < 6 weeks postpartum
- Hypertension
- Focal migraine
22
Q
Progestin Only OCP
A
- Known as minipill
- Used if there is a contraindication to estrogen
- Taken as 28 days of active pills
- Critical to take on time
23
Q
Progestin Only OCP Examples
A
-norethindrone
24
Q
Generic: norethindrone
A
Micronor
25
Non-oral Hormonal Contraceptives
-Progestin only hormone injection given by a health care professional every 12 weeks to prevent pregnancy
26
Non-oral Hormonal Contraceptives Examples
-medroxyprogesterone
27
Generic: medroxyprogesterone
Depo-Provera
| Depo-Provera SC
28
Emergency Contraception
- Safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex
- High dose of levonorgestrel
- Must take within 72 hours of unprotected sex
29
Emergency Contraception MOA
- Delays or prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg
- Alters cervical mucus and prevents fertilization
- Changes lining of uterus to make it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant
30
Menopause
- The termination of menstrual cycles
| - Usually marked by 1 year without menstrual cycles
31
Symptoms of Menopause
- Nervousness
- Hot flashes
- Chills
- Excitability
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Heart palpitations
- Headache
- Numbness
32
Hormone Replacement Therapy
-Typically involves administration of oral or vaginal estrogens to minimize the symptoms of menopause
33
Dosage Forms of Estrogen Examples
- conjugated estrogens
- estradiol
- estropipate
34
Generic: conjugated estrogens
C.E.S
Premarin
Congest
35
Generic: estradiol (Oral)
Estrace
36
Generic: estradiol (Transdermal Patch)
Estradot
Climara
Oesclim
37
Generic: estradiol (Vaginal Ring)
Estring
38
Generic: estradiol (Transdermal gel)
Estrogel
| Divigel
39
Generic: estradiol (Vaginal Tablet)
Vagifem
40
Generic: estropipate
Ogen
41
Progesterone Therapy Drugs Examples
- medroxyprogesterone
| - progesterone
42
Generic: progesterone
Prometrium
43
Generic: medroxyprogesterone
Provera
44
Progesterone/Estrogen Combination Products Examples
- conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone
- estradiol/norethindrone
- estradiol/drospirenone
- estradiol/progesterone
- ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
45
Generic: conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone
Premplus
46
Generic: estradiol/norethindrone
Estalis
Activelle
Activelle LD
47
Generic: estradiol/drospirenone
Angeliq
48
Generic: estradiol/progesterone
Estrogel Propak
49
Generic: ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
femHRT
50
HRT ADR's
- Nausea/vomiting
- Cramping
- Breast tenderness
- Spotting
- Headaches
- Weight gain
- Increased risk of breast cancer, coronary artery disease, blood clots, stroke
51
Menstrual Disorders
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Dysmenorrhea
- Amenorrhea
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
52
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
-Condition that involves a collection of symptoms that regularly occur in women during the premenstrual phase of their cycles
53
Symptoms of PMS
- Headache
- Irritability
- Fatigue
- Nervousness
- Weight gain
- Sleep changes
- Depression
54
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
-Severe form of
PMS
-Symptoms worsen with age
-Treated with antidepressants
55
Drugs Used to Treat PMDD Examples
- fluoxetine
- sertraline
- paroxetine
56
Generic: fluoxetine
Prozac
57
Generic: sertraline
Zoloft
58
Generic: paroxetine
Paxil
| Paxil CR
59
PMDD Drugs Warning Labels
- MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS
- MAY IMPAIR ABILITY TO DRIVE
- AVOID ALCOHOL
- SWALLOW WHOLE; DONT CRUSH OR CHEW
60
Dysmenorrhea
-Term used to describe menstrual cramps
61
Dysmenorrhea Medications
- OCP's
| - NSAIDS
62
NSAID's Used For Dysmenorrhea Examples
- ibuprofen
- naproxen sodium
- naproxen
- mefenamic acid
63
Generic: ibuprofen
Advil
| Motrin
64
Generic: naproxen sodium
Aleve
Anaprox
Anaprox DS
65
Generic: naproxen
Naprosyn
Naprosyn-E
Naprelan
66
Generic: mefenamic acid
Ponstan
67
Amenorrhea
- The absence of normal menstruation
| - Primary or secondary
68
Primary Amenorrhea
-Failure of menstruation cycles to begin
69
Secondary Amenorrhea
-Slows to 3-4 cycles per year
70
Causes of Primary Amenorrhea
- Hormone imbalances
- Genetic disorders
- Brain lesions
- Structural deformities
71
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea
- Excessive weight loss
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Menopause
- disease
- Intensive sports training
- Malnutrition
72
Treatment of Amenorrhea Drugs Examples
-Bromocriptine
73
Generic: bromocriptine
Parlodel
74
Treatment of Amenorrhea Drugs Warning Labels
- TAKE WITH FOOD OR MILK
- MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS
- LIMIT ALCOHOL USE
75
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
-Irregular or excessive uterine bleeding resulting from a structural problem or hormonal imbalance
76
STI's
-Caused by communicable pathogens
77
Disorders caused by STI's
- PID
- Salpingitis
- Vaginitis
78
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- An STI involving development of scar tissue in uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, etc.
- Major cause of infertility
79
Vaginitis
-Inflammation or infection of vaginal lining
80
Salpingitis
-Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
81
Infertility
-Failure to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse
82
Treatment of Infertility
- Antiestrogens
- Gonadotropins
- GnRH antagonists
- GnRH agonists
- Progesterone
83
Antiestrogens Examples
-clomiphene
84
Generic: clomiphene
Clomid
| Serophene
85
Gonadotropins Examples
- follitropin alpha
- follitropin beta
- urofollitropin
- human chorionic gonadotropin
- menotroopin
86
Generic: follitropin alpha
Gonal-f
| gonal-f Pen
87
Generic: follitropin beta
Puregon
88
Generic: urofollitropin
Bravelle
89
Generic: human chorionic gonadotropin
Pregnyl
90
Generic: menotropin
Menopur
| Repronex
91
GnRh Antagonists Examples
- cetrolix
| - ganirelix
92
Generic: cetrorelix
Cetrotide
93
Generic: ganirelix
Orgalutran
94
GnRh Agonist Examples
-gonadorelin
95
Generic: gonadorelin
Lutrepulse
96
LnRh Analog Example
-triptorelin
97
Generic: triptorelin
Decapeptyl
98
Generic: progesterone
Crinone
99
Gonadotropins ADR's
- Headache
- Lightheadedness
- Nausea
- Flushing
- Inflammation at injection site
100
Clomiphene ADR's
- Visual disturbances
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Multiple births
101
Treatment of Androgen Deficiency in Males
-Anabolic-androgenic steroids
102
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Examples
-testosterone
103
Generic: testosterone
```
Andriol (Oral)
Androderm (Patch)
AndroGel (Gel)
Axiron (Underarm)
Delatestryl (IM)
Depo-Testosterone (IM)
Testim 1% (Gel)
```
104
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids ADR's
- Gynecomastia
- Impotence
- Penis enlargement
- Nausea
- Jaundice
- Headache
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Etc
105
Endometriosis
- Benign but very painful condition characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
- Causes infertility, dysmenorrhea, and severe pain
106
Treatment of Endometriosis
- Combined OCP's
- Progestins
- Danazol
- GnRh agonists
107
Progestins for endometriosis
- dienogest
- norethindrone
- medroxyprogesterone
- levonorgestrel
108
Generic: dienogest
Visanne
109
Generic: norethindrone (for endometriosis)
Norlutate
110
Generic: danazol
Cyclomen
-Supresses output of FSH and LH
111
GnRh Agonists for Endometriosis
- buserelin
- goserelin
- leuprolide
- nafarelin
112
Generic: buserelin
Suprefact
113
Generic: goserelin
Zoladex
Warning Labels
- STORE AT ROOM TEMP
- DO NOT FREEZE
114
Generic: leuprolide
Lupron
Warning Labels
- SHAKE WELL
- STORE AT ROOM TEMP
- DISCARD UNUSED PORTION
- ROTATE INJECTION SITE
115
Generic: nafarelin
Synarel
Warning Labels
-DO NOT USE NASAL DECONGESTANTS FOR 30 MINUTES AFTER
