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Parasitology lec > ameba > Flashcards

ameba Flashcards

1
Q

unicellular organisms

A

Protozoans

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2
Q

Under protozoa:

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

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3
Q

Under Phylum Sarcomastigophora

A
  • Sarcodina
  • Mastigophora
  • Ciliophora
  • Apicomplexa
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4
Q

Now classified under fungi

A

Phylum Microsporidia

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5
Q

possess polar tube

A

Phlum Microsporidia

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6
Q

Spore forming microorganisms

A

Phylum Microsporidia

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7
Q

types of worms

A
  • Phylum Aschelminthes
  • Phylum Platyhelminthes
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8
Q

Types of Phylum Platyhelminthes

A
  • Trematoda
  • Cestoda
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9
Q

Types of reproduction of protozoans

A
  • asexually
  • asexually and sexually
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10
Q

Type of asexual reproduction of protozoans

A
  • Binary Fission
  • sporogony
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11
Q

Type of sexual reproduction of protozoans

A
  • gametogony
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12
Q

Do not have cell walls

A

Protozoans

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13
Q

stucture inside the nucleus of protozoans

A

nucleolus or karyosome or endosome

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14
Q

The nucleus contain the ________

A

DNA

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15
Q

The karyosome contains the ________

A

RNA

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16
Q

2 regions of the cytoplasm

A
  • endoplasm
  • ectoplasm
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17
Q

Inner region of the cytoplasm that is for metabolic processes

A

Endoplasm (sol region)

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18
Q

Outer region of cystoplasm, important for protection, more clear (hyaline)

A

Ectoplasm (gel)

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19
Q

Protozoans that possess a pseudopod

A

Sarcodina (ameba)

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20
Q

Locomotor structure of ameba

A

pseudopodia
“false feet”

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21
Q

Inhabit the colon except for E. gingivalis

A

ameba

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22
Q

where can you find the E. gingivalis?

A

Mouth, oral cavity

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23
Q

Possess peripheral chromatin

A

Entamoeba

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24
Q

The nucleus of ameobas are ________

A

Vesicular

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25
Q

amebas are commensals except?

A

E. histolytica

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26
Q

Stages of development of amebas

A
  • trophozoite
  • cyst
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27
Q

vegetative stage of protozoans

A

trophozoite

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28
Q

feeding stage of protozoans

A

trophozoite

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29
Q

stage of protozoans that can be found in watery/Diarrheic stools

A

trophozoite

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30
Q

resisitant stage of protozoans

A

cyts

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31
Q

the infective stage of most protozoans

A

cyst

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32
Q

where kind of stool you can find the cyst stage of protozoans

A

Formed/watery stool

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33
Q

Mode of transmission of E. histolytica

A

Ingestion of Infective cyst

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34
Q

Is quadrinucleated

A

Infective cyst of E. histolytica

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35
Q

Habitat of E. histolytica

A

Large Intestine

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36
Q

FInal host of E. histolytica

A

Human

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37
Q

stages of infection of E. histolytica

A
  • Ingestion of cyst
  • Excystation in the smal intestine
  • Metacyst
  • Amoebulae/Metacystic Tropozoite
  • Trophozoite in colon
  • Encystation
  • Precyst
  • Cyst
  • Cyst and/or Trophozoites present in stool
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38
Q

Once the ph of the small intestine becomes alkaline the cyst becomes the _________

A

Metacyst

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39
Q

Reproduction of Metacystic Trophozoite will become

A

Trophozoite

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40
Q

Can go to other internal organs

A

E. Histolytica

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41
Q

What other internal organs E. histolytica can go to?

A

Liver (most common), brain, lungs

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42
Q

Max nuclei of E. histolytica

A

4

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43
Q

The location of the karyosome of E. histolytica

A

centrally located

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44
Q

Structure of cyst that is fine and smooth in appearance, surounding the nucleus

A

Peripheral chromatin

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45
Q

cigar/sausage like, contain crystalline RNA, energy source

A

Chromidial body

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46
Q

Structures of E. histolytica cyst

A
  • nucleus
  • karyosome
  • Peripheral chromatin
  • Chromidial body
  • glycogen vacuoles
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47
Q

movement of trophozoite of E. histolytica

A
  • progressive
  • unidirectional
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48
Q

Appearance of Pseudopodia of E. histolytica

A

Finger-like

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49
Q

Appearance of cytoplasm of E. histolytica

A

clean looking

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50
Q

presence of ingested red blood cell

A

trophozoite of E. histolytica

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51
Q

Appearance of rbc in unstained E. histolytica

A

greenish

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52
Q

In Disease Manifestations of E. histolytica, Majority of cases (90% of cases) are ______________

A

Asymptomatic Carrier State

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53
Q

In Disease Manifestations of E. histolytica, 10% of cases are ______________

A

Intestinal Disease

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54
Q

In Disease Manifestations of E. histolytica, <1% are ___________

A

Extraintestinal Disease

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55
Q

incubation period of Intestinal disease from E. hystolitica

A

1-4 weeks

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56
Q

Signs and symptoms of E. histolytica

A
  • diarrhea
  • dysentery (bloody diarrhea)
  • abdominal pain
  • flatulence
  • weight loss
  • chronic fatigue
  • foul smelling stools
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57
Q

E. histolytica release ____________ to lyse mucosal lining

A

Enzymes

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58
Q

E. histolytica can cause the formation of __________

A

FLASK SHAPED ULCERS

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59
Q

Severe form of Diarrhea

A

Fulminating colitis

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60
Q

Clinical forms of Intestinal Amebiasis

A

● Dysentery
● Fulminating Colitis
● Amebic Appendicitis
● Ameboma; granuloma

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61
Q

may be mistaken for cancer (carcinoma)

A

Ameboma (granuloma)

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62
Q

Seen in chronic cases of amebiasis

A

Ameboma (granuloma)

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63
Q
A
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64
Q

Ectopic form of amebiasis

A

Extra-intestinal Disease

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65
Q

Extra-intestinal Disease due to E. histolytica can lead to ______________

A

Amebic liver abscess

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66
Q

Cardinal Signs of Amebic liver abscess:

A

○ Fever
○ Right Upper Quadrant

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67
Q

If you palpate it and it hurts it is ______

A

tender

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68
Q

Other signs of Amebic liver abscess include

A

Tender liver and hepatomegaly

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69
Q

enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

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70
Q

Extra-intestinal Disease that causes complication of dysentery

A

Cutaneous Amebiasis (Amebiasis cutis)

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71
Q

Extra-intestinal Disease that causes ulceration in the perianal area

A

Cutaneous Amebiasis (Amebiasis cutis)

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72
Q

Extra-intestinal Disease that causes rare manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Cutaneous Amebiasis (Amebiasis cutis)

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73
Q

Appearance of the liver aspirate:

A

Anchovy sauce
like

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74
Q

What can you find in the Liver aspirate from a patient with Amebic Liver Abscess (ALA)

A

Trophozoites

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75
Q

factors you have to
consider why it’s pathogenic

A

Virulence Factors

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76
Q

Pathology of E. histolytica

A

Ability to lyse tissue

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77
Q

Used by E. histolytica for attachment to the host cells

A

Lectin (Gal/GalNAc Lectin)

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78
Q

Lytic enzymes produced by the
parasite E. hystolytica that would lead to tissue destruction. Factor for the spread of the parasite

A

Cysteine Proteinases

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79
Q

Used by E. histolytica for formation of holes

A

Amebapores

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80
Q

bacterial dysentery

A

Shigella dysenteriae

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81
Q

More mucus and blood in stool

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebiasis

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82
Q

No granulocytosis (no high levels of WBC)

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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83
Q

No high fever

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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84
Q

Seldom epidemic

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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85
Q

Gradual onset

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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86
Q

No prodromal features

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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87
Q

No vomiting

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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88
Q

Patient usually ambulant

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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89
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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90
Q

Fishy odor stool

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

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91
Q

May be epidemic

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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92
Q

Acute onset

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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93
Q

Prodromal fever and
malaise common

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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94
Q

Vomiting common

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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95
Q

Patient prostrate

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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96
Q

Watery, bloody diarrhea

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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97
Q

Odorless stool

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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98
Q

Stool microscopy:
numerous bacilli, pus
cells,

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

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99
Q

Stool microscopy:
numerous bacilli, pus
cells, macrophages, red cells,
no Charcot-Leyden
crystals

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

100
Q

Abdominal cramps
common and severe

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

101
Q

Tenesmus common

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

102
Q

Natural history:
spontaneous recovery
in a few days, weeks or
more; no relapse

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Bacillary Dysentery

103
Q

Stool microscopy: few
bacilli, red cells,
trophozoites with
ingested red blood
cells, Charcot-Leyden
crystals

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

104
Q

Mild abdominal cramps

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

105
Q

Tenesmus uncommon

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

106
Q

Natural history: lasts for
weeks; dysentery
returns after remission;
infection persists for
years

Bacillary Dysentery or Amebic Dysentery

A

Amebic Dysentery

107
Q

Ova and Parasite Examination:

Laboratory diagnosis

A
  • Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)
  • Concentration Techniques
  • Permanent Stained Smear
108
Q

Mababa detection pag DFS

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)

109
Q

Demonstration of the trophozoite

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)

110
Q

FECT — primarily for the recovery
of the cyst stages

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Concentration Techniques

111
Q

Not yet conclusive

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Concentration Techniques

112
Q

Confirmation of intestinal protozoans

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Permanent Stained Smear

113
Q

Stains used for permanent stain smear

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Iron Hematoxylin
or Trichrome stain

114
Q

Boeck’s, Rice Egg Saline, Diamond, Balamuth’s Egg Yolk Infusion, Robinson’s and Inoki

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Culture

115
Q

Detection of antibodies

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Serology

116
Q

specimen should be freshly passed stool

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Immunoassay

117
Q

(ELISA), IHA

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Serology

118
Q

Flask shaped ulcer may be seen

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Rectal Biopsy

119
Q

Types of Laboratory diagnosis

A

● Ova and Parasite Examination
● Culture
● Serology
● Molecular Methods
● Rectal Biopsy
● Examination of Liver Aspirates

120
Q

High Risk Groups of E. histolytica

A

○ Men who have sex with men (MSM)
○ Food handlers
○ Poor access to clean water

121
Q

E. histolytica is More Prevalent in ______________

A
  • Tropics
  • Poor developing countries
122
Q

“E. histolytica look-alikes”

A
  • E. dispar
  • E. moshkovskii (Laredo strain)
  • E. bangladeshi
123
Q

Entamoeba that Prefers lower temperature
(25-30 C)

A

E. moshkovskii (Laredo strain)

124
Q

used to differentiate the lookalikes

A
  • Molecular techniques
  • Isoenzyme analysis
125
Q

Manner of reporting of E. histolytica when found under the microscope:

A

Entamoeba histolytica/dispar

126
Q

Treatment for E. histolytica

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Diloxanide Furoate
  • Iodoquinol
127
Q

Treatment for E. histolytica for Asymptomatic carriers

A

Diloxanide Furoate

128
Q

Prevention E. histolytica

A

○ Proper Disposal of Waste
○ Proper Sanitation
○ Access to safe water and food
○ Development of an effective vaccine

129
Q

Cause of non-pathogenic ameoba

A

fecally contaminated water

130
Q

max nuclei of E. coli cyst

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

8

131
Q

location of karyosome E.coli cyst

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Eccentric

132
Q

Prominent & larger karyosome

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
coli cyst

133
Q

The Peripheral chromatin of E. coli cyst is _____

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

course/rough

134
Q

Chromatoidal bars
of E. coli cyst are

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Needle-like; splintered; broomstick;
witchbroom

135
Q

What has larger trophozoite? E. coli or E. histolytica

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

E. coli

136
Q

Movement of E.coli trophozoite

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

sluggish;
non-progressive

137
Q

Pseudopodia of E. coli

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Blunt

138
Q

Cytoplasm of E. coli is :

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A
  • Dirty looking
  • Has ingested bacteria; yeast
139
Q

Small race of E. histolytica

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
hartmanni

140
Q

Movement of Entamoeba hartmanni Trophozoite

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Sluggish and non-progresive

141
Q

Ameba of pigs and monkeys

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
polecki

142
Q

Most common parasite in Papua
New Guinea

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
polecki

143
Q

Chromotoidal bar of Entamoeba polecki

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

angular/pointed

144
Q

location of karyosome in Entamoeba polecki

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

center

145
Q

Max nucleus of Entamoeba polecki (troph & cyst)

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

1

146
Q

Movement of Entamoeba polecki

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

progressive

147
Q

Peripheral chromatin is evenly distributed

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
polecki

148
Q

Morphologically similar to E. polecki

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
chattoni

149
Q

Seen in apes and monkeys

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
chattoni

150
Q

Smallest intestinal amoebae (as
small as RBC)

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Endolimax
nana

151
Q

Shape of Endolimax nana cyst

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Oval

152
Q

Max nuclei of Endolimax
nana cyst

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

4

153
Q

No peripheral chromatin

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Endolimax nana

154
Q

Location of Endolimax nana karyosome

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Eccentric

155
Q

due to the location of the karyosome of Endolimax nana cyst

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Cross eyed cyst

156
Q

max nucleus of Endolimax nana Trophozoite

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

1

157
Q

Endolimax nana Trophozoite movement

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

non progressive manner

158
Q

Ameba of swine (pigs)

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Iodamoeba
butschlii

159
Q

Uninucleated with a large eccentric karyosome; with achromatic
granules

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Iodamoeba
butschlii

160
Q

karyosome of Iodamoeba
butschlii appearance

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

“Basket of flowers”

161
Q

Large glycogen vacuole

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Iodamoeba
butschlii

162
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoite movement

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Sluggish movement

163
Q

Ameba of oral cavity (gum line)

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
gingivalis

164
Q

No cyst stage

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
gingivalis

165
Q

This is the first amebae described in humans

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

166
Q

MOT of Entamoeba
gingivalis

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

person to person

167
Q

Max nucleus of Entamoeba
gingivalis trophozoite

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

1

168
Q

location of karyosome in Entamoeba gingivalis

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

-Centrally located karyosome

169
Q

Fine peripheral chromatin

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
gingivalis

170
Q

Entamoeba
gingivalis is capable of ingesting what?

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

WBC

171
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis is seen in patients with __________

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

pyorrhea alveolaris

172
Q

Scavengers and eat debris; can ingest WBCs, debris, RBC (rare)

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
gingivalis

173
Q

Found inhabiting the gum line of
teeth, tartar and gingival pockets of teeth of unhealthy mouths and even healthy mouths; may also be seen in genital tract

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

Entamoeba
gingivalis

174
Q

Appropriate specimen for Entamoeba gingivalis

OTHER COMMENSAL AMEBAE

A

mouth scrapings

175
Q

Found inhabiting lakes, pools, tap water, air conditioning units and heating units (facultative
parasites)

A

FREE LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE

176
Q

FREE LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE:

A

○ Acanthamoeba
○ Balamuthia
○ Naegleria

177
Q

Most pathogenic FREE LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE

A

Naegleria

178
Q

Parasitic stage of FREE LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE location

A

Central Nervous System

179
Q

Naegleria fowleri Belongs to Family _________

A

Vahlkampfiidae

180
Q

Free Living Amoeboflagellate

A

Naegleria fowleri

181
Q

Trophozoite stage of this parasite has ameba and flagellate form

A

Amoeboflagellate

182
Q

The cyst of Naegleria fowleri can only be found in the ________

A

environment

183
Q

able to resist high temperatures

A

thermophilic

184
Q

thermophilic parasites

A

Naegleria fowleri cysts

185
Q

stage of Naegleria fowleri that can be recovered on humans

A

Trophozoite

186
Q

Feeding form, “Limax” form of Naegleria fowleri

A

Ameboid (ameba)

187
Q

Swimming form of Naegleria fowleri

A

Ameboflagellate (flagellate)

188
Q

Naegleria fowleri Entry into the body

A

Olfactory Epithelium, respiratory tract, Skin and Sinuses

189
Q

When the Naegleria fowleri reach the CNS it can cause the disease called _____________

A

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM)

190
Q

Diagnostic stage of Naegleria fowleri

A

Trophozoite

191
Q

Matter of reproduction of Naegleria fowleri

A

Promitosis

192
Q

stage of Naegleria fowleri with presence of two anterior flagella

A

Flagellated stage

193
Q

Max nucleus of Naegleria fowleri trophozoite

A

1

194
Q

No peripheral chromatin

A

Naegleria fowleri trophozoite

195
Q

In Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM), Once the symptoms
appears, the patient
would die after ______

A

7 days

196
Q

Signs and symptoms of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM)

A

○ Headache
○ Fever
○ Rhinitis
○ Lethargy
○ Olfactory problems
○ Mental confusion and
coma

197
Q

Rish factors of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM)

A

Swimming in
contaminated pools lakes and rivers

198
Q

Incubation period of Rish factors of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

A

2-3 days or as long as
1-2 weeks

199
Q

Pathogenic
Determinant of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM)

A
  • PRESENCE OF Amebostomes
  • Cytopathic Effect on Host Tissues
200
Q

food cups, used to attach
to the surface of the cell

A

Amebostomes

201
Q

Amebostomes release what?

A

phospholipase

202
Q

Naegleria fowleri Cytopathic Effect on Host Tissues

A

● Secretion of lytic enzymes
● Membrane Pore-forming proteins
● Induction of apoptosis
● Direct feeding of the ameba

203
Q

Diagnosis:
- Wet mount examination of CSF
- Smears stained with Wright’s or Giemsa
- Biopsy
- CSF Analysis
- Culture (Bacteria Seeded Agar
Culture)
- Molecular Methods

A

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM)

204
Q

What can you see in patient’s with Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM) - Wet mount examination of CSF

A

Decreased CSF glucose, Increased protein; High WBC

205
Q

Used in Culture (Bacteria Seeded Agar
Culture) for diagnosis of PAM

A

Modified Nelson’s
Medium

206
Q

Usually diagnosis of PAM is done ____________

A

Post mortem

207
Q

Treatment &
Prevention for PAM

A
  • Amphotericin B With Clotrimazole
  • New Agents: Azithromycin;
    Voriconazole
208
Q

Morphologically similar to Naegleria fowleri but biochemically distinct species present in the country

A

Naegleria
philippinensis

209
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. Belongs to Family ____________

A

Acanthamoebiadae

210
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. types:

A
  • Acanthamoeba castellani
  • A. culbertsoni
  • A. hutchetti
  • A. polyphaga
  • A. rhysoides
211
Q

Free-living Ameba

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

212
Q

Characterisitc Feature of Acanthamoeba spp

A

Presence of Acanthapodia

213
Q

spine like pseudopodia; spine like appearance

A

Acanthapodia

214
Q

Entry point of Acanthamoeba spp

A
  • Nose
  • Eyes
  • Broken skin
215
Q

difference of Acanthamoeba spp to Naegleria fowleri

A

slower progression

216
Q

Infective stage of Acanthamoeba spp

A

IS: cyst or trophozoite

217
Q

Unique characteristic of Acanthamoeba spp cyst

A

Double wall

218
Q

Outer wall of Acanthamoeba spp cyst

A

wrinkled

219
Q

Inner wall of Acanthamoeba spp cyst

A

polyhedral

220
Q

max nucelus of Acanthamoeba spp Trophozoite

A

1

221
Q

Acanthamoeba spp Trophozoite have presence of _________

A

contractile vacuole

222
Q

Acanthamoeba spp causes?

A
  • Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
  • Amebic Keratitis
  • Cutaneous lesions
223
Q

Incubation period of Granulomatous Amebic
Encephalitis

A

10 days

224
Q

Chronic; slow progression

A

Granulomatous Amebic
Encephalitis

225
Q

Patients will experience this after getting GAE

A
  • meningitis
  • Encephalitis
  • presences of granulomas lesions
226
Q

Common among debilitated or
immunocompromised patients

A

Granulomatous Amebic
Encephalitis

227
Q

Affects the eyes,
ulcerations sa cornea

A

Amebic Keratitis

228
Q

Mistaken for herpes keratitis

A

Amebic Keratitis

229
Q

Implicated among contact lens
users

A

Amebic Keratitis

230
Q

Appropriate specimen for Amebic Keratitis

A

Corneal Scrapings

231
Q

Presence of hard erythematous
nodules or skin lesions

A

Cutaneous lesions

232
Q

Cutaneous lesions ussualy seen in ___________

A

AIDS patients

233
Q

Diagnosis:
● Biopsy
● Corneal Scrapings
● Culture
● Molecular Methods

A

Amebic Keratitis

234
Q

Used in culture for Acanthamoeba spp.

A

○ Culberto’s medium
○ Non nutrient medium
with Gram (-) bacteria

235
Q

Treatment for Amebic Keratitis

A
  • Fluorocystine
  • ketoconazole
  • amphotericin B
236
Q

Very Fatal once cerebral manifestations
appear

A

Amebic Keratitis

237
Q

Prevention of Amebic Keratitis

A

Boil water/prolong
heating of water can
kill the parasite

238
Q

Acanthamoeba is more
resistant to ______________

A

chlorine
disinfection

239
Q

Acathamoeba can be a
possible reservoir for:

A
  • legionella
  • myobateria
  • Gr(-) bacilli
240
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris Family _____________

A

Leptomyxidae

241
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris is recognized as a new species causing ____________

A

Amebic
meningoencephalitis

242
Q

Associated with GAE

A

Balamuthia mandrillaris

243
Q

Trophozoite of Balamuthia mandrillaris characteristics

A

branching

244
Q

Cyst of Balamuthia mandrillaris characteristics

A

Wavy

245
Q

Other free living ameba that causes amebic encephalitis:

A

● Sappinia diploidea
● Hartmannella vermiformis

246
Q

Considered now as opportunistic

A

Hartmannella vermiformis

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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