Order Pseudophyllidea and Order Cyclophyllidea Flashcards by VERNARD DOMINIC ALOYON

Diphyllobothrium latum

other name

Dibothriocephalus latus

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Diphyllobothrium latum

COMMON NAME

Broad or Fish Tapeworm

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Diphyllobothrium latum

Man

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Diphyllobothrium latum

reservoir
hosts

dogs

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Diphyllobothrium latum

HABITAT

Small Intestine (Ileum)

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Diphyllobothrium latum

order

Pseudophyllidea

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Diphyllobothrium latum

1ST IH

Copepods

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Diphyllobothrium latum

2ND IH

Freshwater fish (salmon, trout, pike, ruff, etc.)

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Diphyllobothrium latum

INFECTIVE STAGE

Plerocercoid larva

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Diphyllobothrium latum

MOT

Ingestion of raw, undercooked or
pickled freshwater fish

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Diphyllobothrium latum

common in:

fish-eating countries such as Europe

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Diphyllobothrium latum

largest known parasite in man

Diphyllobothrium latum

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Humans get the infection by ingesting fish containing
_________.

plerocercoid larva

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Larvae are released and become adults in the _________

small intestine

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Adult worms will mature, having proglottids, also containing eggs, released in the ____.

stool

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

the eggs are immature when released, and
embryonate in ____

water

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Time of embryonation in fresh water

8-12 days

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

____ are released, and will be ingested by
copepods.

Coracidia

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

The Coracidia will become a __________

In the Copepod

procercoid larva

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Procercoid larva develops into ____________.

In the Freshwater Fish:

plerocercoid larva

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Copepods are ingested by the ______

In the Copepod

freshwater fish

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Large fishes may serve as a _________. = ingested larva would not develop and remain as plerocercoid larva in the predator fish.

In the Freshwater Fish:

paratenic host

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

From there, the predator fish would be ingested by _________ to get the infection.

In the Freshwater Fish:

humans

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Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology

Shape

Scolex

almond-shaped

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# Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology sucking grooves/organ | Scolex

- 2 - long, prominent

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology size | Proglottids

10-20 millimeters wide (Wider than long)

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphologyv uterus | Proglottids

“rosette”

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology presence of | Proglottids

bilobed ovaries

Diphyllobothrium latum: Egg

Operculated, immature when released.

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Egg Due to the presence of operculum, it may be mistaken for ___________ egg

Paragonimus westermani

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Egg The eggs of D. latum are ________ and ________ than P. westermani

smaller and more symmetrical

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection Effects of Diphyllobothriasis

- Asymptomatic in most cases - Obstruction, diarrhea or anemia have been reported - Non specific abdominal symptoms

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection The manifestation of the symptom would depend on the ________ | Asymptomatic in most cases

worm burden or intensity of infection

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection Anemia would be due to ________

B12 malabsorption

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection The infected person would have adeficiency on vitamin B12 which can lead to ________

Bothriocephalus anemia

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection Bothriocephalus anemia may be mistaken for ____________

pernicious anemia

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Epidemiology Occurs in the __________ where raw, pickled or inadequately cooked fish are eaten

Northern Temperate Areas

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection Note that the RBC of pernicious anemia are __________

enlarged (megaloblastic anemia)

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Epidemiology Endemic Foci include:

Scandinavia, Finland, Japan, Europe, Chile and North America

Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis

- Demonstration of Eggs - Demonstration of Proglottids - Travel History and Diet

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis Demonstration of Eggs:

- FECT - Kato-Katz - DFS

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis Proglottids can be recovered where?

stool

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis Fond of eating _________, has visited countries, may suggest Diphyllobothriasis | Travel History and Diet

raw/undercooked freshwater fish

Diphyllobothrium latum: Prevention and control

● Cook fish well ● Store fish properly ● Environmental sanitation ● Health Education

# Diphyllobothrium latum: Prevention and control Temp that kills the plerocercoid larva

-18C

Diphyllobothrium latum: Treatment

Praziquantel

Taenia spp.:

● Taenia solium ● Taenia saginata ● Taenia saginata asiatica

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Common Name

Pork Tapeworm

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Final Host

Man

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Habitat

Small Intestine

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Intermediate Host

Pigs, Humans

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Humans may become an intermediate host especially if the patient developed ________

Cysticercosis

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Infective Stage

- Cysticercus cellulosae (Armed) - Embryonated egg (in Cysticercosis)

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium MOT

- Consumption of contaminated undercooked pork - Ingestion of Egg

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium contaminated undercooked pork is also called?

“Measly Pork”

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium contaminated undercooked pork contains ____________

cysticercus cellulosae larva

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Ingestion of Egg will lead to

cysticercosis

# Taenia spp: Taenia solium Patients who develop this would have the larva deposited in different parts of their body.)

cysticercosis

# Taenia solium: Morphology Scolex | Adult

Globular (4 cup shaped suckers)

# Taenia solium: Morphology Rostellum | Adult

Armed (Has 2 rows of approx. 25-30 hooklets)

# Taenia solium: Morphology Neck | Adult

Short

# Taenia solium: Morphology length | Adult

2-3 meters or up to 8 meters

# Taenia solium: Morphology shape | Proglottids

Square-like or squarish

# Taenia solium: Morphology ovary | Mature Proglottid

Trilobe (2 prominent lobes; 1 small central lobe)

# Taenia solium: Morphology Uterus is connected to the _______ | Mature Proglottid

genital pore

# Taenia solium: Morphology Gravid Proglottid | Proglottids

Presence of 5-13 lateral “finger-like” uterine branches

# Taenia solium: Eggs __________ from the other Taenia spp. eggs

Indistinguishable

# Taenia solium: Eggs Appearance

Spherical brown and striated

# Taenia solium: Eggs Parts:

- Oncosphere with 6 hooklets - hexacanth embryo

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle Humans get the infection by the ingestion of the measly pork, containing the _________.

cysticercus larva

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle The cysticercus larva is released and will mature in the _________ to become adult worms.

small intestine

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle The proglottids and the eggs (released by adult worms) will be found in the ________.

stool sample

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle In order for the life cycle to continue, the pigs will ingest the _______ and _________

proglottids and the eggs

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle What kind of larva is released from the egg

hexacanth larva

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle The _________ will penetrate the intestinal wall and find its way to the muscle.

oncosphere

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle The oncosphere will become _______ in the pig’s muscle.

cysticercus

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle If humans accidentally ingest the embryonated egg, they will become an __________ in the life cycle.

intermediate host

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle The ingested egg will then release the oncosphere containing hexacanth embryo, which will be deposited in what different vital organs?

Brain, muscle, eyes

# Taenia solium: Life Cycle the pathology associated cysticercosis is because of the ______

larva

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations Usually asymptomatic

Taeniasis solium

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations May experience vague abdominal discomfort, hunger pangs, chronic indigestion

Taeniasis solium

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations More severe

Cysticercosis

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations Accidental ingestion of T. solium ____ | Cysticercosis

eggs

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations Infection via autoinfection is possible.

Cysticercosis

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations Deposition of _________ in different parts of the body | Cysticercosis

oncosphere (larva)

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations Larva can be deposited in _______ muscles | Cysticercosis

skeletal

# Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations If travels to the brain, it may lead to ________: most common parasitic disease of CNS, can lead to death. | Cysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis

# Taenia solium: Epidemiology relates to the prevalence of the disease:

- Eating habits - Religious beliefs (muslims vs non-muslims) - Cases of cysticercosis

# Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata Common Name

Beef Tapeworm

# Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata Final Host

Human

# Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata Habitat

Small Intestine

# Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata Intermediate Host

Cattle

# Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata Mode of Transmission

consumption of contaminated undercooked beef cysticercosis | No occurrence of

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology color

Whitish opaque

# Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata Infective Stage

Cysticercus bovis

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology scolex shape

cuboidal

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology type of tapeworm

true tapeworm

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology rostellum

none

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology Length

4-10 meters in length; up to 25 meters

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology ovary | Mature Proglottids

Bilobed

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology Produce more _____ compared to T. solium

Proglottids

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology Reproductive organs are connected to the ________ | Mature Proglottids

genital pore

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology Longer than _____ | Gravid proglottids

wide

# Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology Uterine segments appearance

Tree-like (15-20 uterine branches)