Aminoglycosides Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are aminoglycosides?
Aminoglycosides are mycins
They are a class of antibiotics used to treat serious infections.
Are all aminoglycosides broad-spectrum?
Yes, all aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum
This means they are effective against a wide range of bacteria.
What does TAG stand for in the context of aminoglycosides?
TAG stands for Tobromycin, Amikacin, and Gentamicin
These are specific types of aminoglycosides.
Which bacteria is Streptomycin active against?
Streptomycin is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
It is used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
How are all aminoglycosides administered?
All aminoglycosides are given via injection
This route is used for effective delivery of the medication.
What is the choice aminoglycoside in the UK?
Gentamicin is the choice in the UK
It treats many serious infections.
What is the typical dosing frequency for aminoglycosides?
All aminoglycosides have a once a day dosing
This helps minimize toxicity while maintaining effectiveness.
What is a contraindication for aminoglycosides?
Myasthenia gravis
This condition can be exacerbated by aminoglycoside use.
What is the maximum duration for parenteral treatment with aminoglycosides?
Parenteral treatment should not exceed 7 days
This limit helps reduce the risk of toxicity.
What are the risks associated with aminoglycosides in pregnancy?
They are a risk in pregnancy
This is due to potential adverse effects on the fetus.
What are signs of ototoxicity related to aminoglycosides?
Signs of ototoxicity include:
* Tinnitus
* Hearing loss
* Dizziness
* Uncoordinated movements
These symptoms indicate potential damage to the auditory system.
What are signs of nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides?
Signs of nephrotoxicity include:
* Reduced urine output
* Shortness of breath
* Fatigue
* Fluid retention
These indicate potential kidney damage.
What can cause nephrotoxicity besides aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity can occur with:
* Cephalosporins
* Vancomycin
* Aminoglycosides
These medications can all adversely affect kidney function.
What should be done if renal impairment is severe in patients taking aminoglycosides?
Reduce the dose
This helps prevent further kidney damage.
How should serum concentrations of aminoglycosides be monitored?
Blood samples should be taken one hour after administration and just before the dose
This helps ensure appropriate drug levels.
What should be done if the pre-dose drug level is high?
Increase dose interval
This helps prevent toxicity.
What should be done if the post-dose concentration is high?
Decrease the dose
This helps manage potential side effects.
Which aminoglycoside is more stable to enzyme inactivation?
Amikacin is more stable to enzyme inactivation than gentamicin
It is used for gentamicin-resistant bacteria.
Why is Neomycin not used for parenteral administration?
Neomycin is too toxic for parenteral administration
Its toxicity limits its use to topical applications.
How is Tobramycin administered?
Tobramycin is administered by nebulizer or inhalation
This route is useful for respiratory infections.
What is the MHRA warning for aminoglycosides?
The MHRA warning for aminoglycosides is deafness and histamine-related side effects
This highlights potential serious adverse effects.
