Penicillins

Question 1

What inactivates benzyl penicillin?

Answer 1

Beta-lactamases and gastric acid

Benzyl penicillin is sensitive to these factors, affecting its efficacy.

Question 2

How must benzyl penicillin be administered due to its inactivation by gastric acid?

Answer 2

By injection

Oral administration is not effective.

Question 3

Is intraethical administration of benzyl penicillin recommended?

Answer 3

No

Intraethical administration is not advised.

Question 4

What side effect can occur with high doses of benzyl penicillin?

Answer 4

Accumulation of sodium

This can lead to additional health concerns.

Question 5

What is a common side effect of benzyl penicillin?

Answer 5

Fever

Fever is a known reaction to the medication.

Question 6

Can benzyl penicillin be taken during pregnancy?

Answer 6

Yes

It is generally considered safe for use in pregnant individuals.

Question 7

How should benzyl penicillin be spaced throughout the day?

Answer 7

Evenly

Consistent dosing is important for effectiveness.

Question 8

What can high doses of benzyl penicillin cause in patients with renal impairment?

Answer 8

Neurotoxicity

This is a significant risk factor for patients with kidney issues.

Question 9

What is the activity level of phenoxymethyl penicillin compared to PENG?

Answer 9

Less active than PENG

Question 10

Is phenoxymethylpenicillin suitable for oral administration?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What are the side effects of phenoxymethylpenicillin?

Answer 11

• Coagulation disorders
• Higher risk of infection
• Neurotoxicity
• Oral disorders

Question 12

Is phenoxymethylpenicillin harmful during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Answer 12

Not known to be harmful

Question 13

How should phenoxymethylpenicillin be administered throughout the day?

Answer 13

Doses should be evenly spread

Question 14

When should phenoxymethylpenicillin be taken in relation to food?

Answer 14

On an empty stomach, one hour before food and two hours after

Question 15

What inactivates ampicillin?

Answer 15

Penicillinases

Question 16

Should ampicillin be used for hospital patients without checking for resistance?

Answer 16

No, many staphylococci strains are resistant

Question 17

Can ampicillin be given orally, and what is its absorption rate?

Answer 17

Yes, but less than half is absorbed

Question 18

How does the presence of food in the gut affect ampicillin absorption?

Answer 18

Reduces absorption further

Question 19

What are the side effects of ampicillin?

Answer 19

Macropapular rashes

Question 20

Is ampicillin harmful during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Answer 20

Not known to be harmful

Question 21

What is amoxicillin a derivative of?

Answer 21

Ampicillin

Question 22

Do macropapular rashes occur with amoxicillin?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Does food affect the absorption of amoxicillin?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Is amoxicillin harmful during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Answer 24

Not known to be harmful

Question 25

What is the interaction between amoxicillin and allopurinol?

Answer 25

Increases the risk of a skin rash

Question 26

What is the effect of methotrexate on amoxicillin levels?

Answer 26

Increases amoxicillin levels, leading to toxicity

Question 27

How does amoxicillin affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin?

Answer 27

Alters the anticoagulant effect

Question 28

What is Comoxiclav made up of?

Answer 28

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid ## Footnote Comoxiclav is a combination antibiotic.

Question 29

What is the primary use of Comoxiclav?

Answer 29

For amoxicillin-resistant strains ## Footnote It is effective against bacteria that do not respond to amoxicillin alone.

Question 30

Is Comoxiclav safe to use during pregnancy?

Answer 30

Yes ## Footnote It is considered safe for pregnant individuals.

Question 31

In which condition should Comoxiclav be used with caution?

Answer 31

Cholastic jaundice ## Footnote Caution is advised due to potential liver complications.

Question 32

What is Fluoxicillin used for?

Answer 32

Penicillin-resistant staph or cocci ## Footnote It targets specific bacterial infections resistant to other penicillins.

Question 33

What type of infections is Fluoxicillin used to treat?

Answer 33

Mouth infections ## Footnote It is effective against infections in the oral cavity.

Question 34

What complications can occur with Fluoxicillin if given for more than two weeks?

Answer 34

Cholastic jaundice and hepatitis ## Footnote Extended use may lead to liver-related side effects.

Question 35

Should Fluoxicillin be used in patients with a history of hepatic dysfunction?

Answer 35

No ## Footnote It is contraindicated in such patients due to the risk of liver damage.

Question 36

Fluoxicillin should be used with caution in patients with _______.

Answer 36

Hepatic impairment ## Footnote Monitoring is crucial to avoid adverse effects.

Question 37

What type of action do all penicillins have?

Answer 37

Bactericidal ## Footnote Bactericidal means that they kill bacteria.

Question 38

What should be done with caution when using penicillins?

Answer 38

Allergy ## Footnote Penicillins can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

Question 39

What complications can occur with all penicillins?

Answer 39

Diarrhoea and antibiotic-associated colitis ## Footnote These are common side effects associated with antibiotic use.

Question 40

What should be avoided when administering penicillins?

Answer 40

Intraethical injections ## Footnote Intraethical injections can lead to encephalopathy when using penicillins.

Question 41

What should be done if a patient is allergic to penicillins?

Answer 41

Stop and change to a macrolide ## Footnote Macrolides are a different class of antibiotics that can be used as alternatives.

Question 42

What should be monitored during penicillin treatment?

Answer 42

Side effects ## Footnote Monitoring for side effects is crucial to ensure patient safety.

Question 43

When can rashes occur in relation to penicillin treatment?

Answer 43

After three days ## Footnote If rashes develop, it is important to assess whether to continue treatment.