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Year 1 - Respiratory (DP) > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Where can the trachea be palpated?

A

Jugular notch (of manubriun)

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1
Q

Where does the lower respiratory tract start?

A

Level of C6 - trachea

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2
Q

What lies just superior to the trachea in the jugular notch?

A

Isthmus of the thyroid (anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4)

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3
Q

How many lobes are in each lung?

A

Right - 3

Left - 2

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4
Q

How do ribs articulate with the vertebrae?

A

Via the rib head - with body of vertebrae of same number and with superior vertebrae

Via the rib tubercle - with transverse process of same number vertebrae

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the costal groove?

A

For the NVB

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6
Q

What blood vessels supply the intercostal spaces?

A

Anterior aspect
- Branches of the internal thoracic artery
Posterior aspect
- Posterior intercostal arteries (paired branches of the thoracic aorta)

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7
Q

What are the drainage vessels for the intercostal spaces?

A

Anterior aspect
- Paired internal thoracic veins
Posterior aspect
- Posterior intercostal veins drain to the azygous vein on the right and the hemiazygous vein on the left (drains to azygous)

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8
Q

What arteries supply the lung tissue?

A

Brachial arteries (from thoracic aorta)

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9
Q

What nerves supply the intercostal spaces?

A

Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T1-T11 (intercostal nerves)

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10
Q

What is the name of the T12 anterior rami?

A

Subcostal nerves

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11
Q

What are the branches of the intercostal nerves?

A

Lateral and anterior cutaneous

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12
Q

What do the posterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves supply?

A

Bones, joints, deep back muscles and skin

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13
Q

What is the function of the rami communicantes?

A

Connect intercostal and subcostal nerves to sympathetic trunk

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14
Q

What are the names of the apertures in the diaphragm?

A

Caval opening (for IVC)
Oesophageal hiatus
Aortic hiatus

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15
Q

Where does the diaphragm connect to?

A

Sternum
Lower six ribs
L1-L3 vertebral bodies

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16
Q

What is the phrenic nerve made of?

A

C3, C4 and C5 anterior rami

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17
Q

What is the route of the phrenic nerve?

A

Passes over anterior surface of scale is anterior

Descends over lateral aspect of fibrous pericardium

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18
Q

The subclavian artery is anterior to the subclavian vein. True or false?

A

False. The vein is anterior to the artery.

19
Q

Where does the cephalic vein pass?

A

In the deltopectoral groove

20
Q

What is the role of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Shoulder movement

21
Q

Which muscle anchors the medial borders of the scapula to ribs 1-8?

A

Serrated anterior

22
Q

Paralysis of which nerve results in a “winged scapula”?

A

Long thoracic nerve (branch of the brachial plexus)

23
Q

Where do we auscultate the middle lung lobe?

A

Between ribs four and six in mid-clavicular and mid-axillary lines on the right side of the chest

24
Q

Where is the oblique fissure situated?

A

Anteriorly - rib 6

Posteriorly - T3

25
Q

At what vertebral level is the lung base?

A

T11

26
Q

What is the sequence of events in coughing?

A
  1. Deep inspiration
  2. Adduction of vocal cords
  3. Anterolateral abdo wall muscle contraction
  4. Vocal folds abduct
  5. Soft palate tense and elevates
27
Q

What cranial nerves are stimulated in coughing?

A

ix and x

28
Q

What are the accessory muscles of deep inspiration?

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus anterior, medium and posterior

29
Q

What structures are contained in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve
Internal carotid artery
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein

30
Q

What are the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A 
Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse abdominus
Seratus anterior
31
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The midline communication of the aponeurosis of each external oblique

32
Q

Where do the aponeuroses begin?

A

Linea semilunaris

33
Q

Which aponeuroses form the rectus sheath?

A

Both obliques

Transverse abdominus

34
Q

Which intercostal nerves become thoracoabdominal nerves?

A

7th-11th

35
Q

Which nerve does the subcostal nerve communicate with?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve of the lumbar plexus

36
Q

What is the name for the internal tracheal bifurcation?

A

Carina

37
Q

How can a pneumothorax be distinguished from a tension pneumothorax?

A

A tension pneumothorax will show mediastinal shift on CXR

38
Q

Management of large pneumothorax?

A

Thoracentesis

39
Q

Describe the location of the safe triangle for a chest tube

A

Anterior border of latissimus dorsi
Posterior border of pectoralis major
Axial lines sup. to nipple

40
Q

What is VATS?

A

Video Assisted Thorascopic Surgery

41
Q

What is chemical pleurodesis?

A

Talc slurry added to cavity of produce adhesion

42
Q

Where do the inguinal ligaments attach?

A

Between ASIS and pubic tubercle

43
Q

Where do lateral chest quadrants drain (lymph)?

A

Unilaterally to axillary nodes

44
Q

Where do the medial chest quadrants drain to (lymph)?

A

Bilaterally to the parasternal nodes

Year 1 - Respiratory (DP) (16 decks)

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