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Year 1 - Respiratory (DP) > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

0
Q

What is the treatment of a severe acute asthma attack?

A

Initially as for a moderate attack
With salbutamol, 0.5mg neb. ipratropium
IF POOR RESPONSE
5mg/kg IV aminophylline

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1
Q

How do we treat a moderate asthma attack?

A 
10 puffs of salbutamol (4 initial puffs, 2 every 2 minutes)
OR
5mg neb. salbutamol
OR
10mg neb. terbutaline
THEN
40mg oral prednisolone
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2
Q

What is the treatment and step-up treatment for COPD?

A

SABA or SAMA initially
If FEV1 > 50% - LABA or LAMA
If FEV1 < 50% - LABA + ICS or LAMA + ICS (try LABA + LAMA if ICS declined)
If above fails, LABA + LAMA + ICS
If give a LAMA at any point discontinue SAMA use

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3
Q

What are three examples of LABAs?

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol
Indacterol (an ultra LABA)

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4
Q

What are some examples of SAMAs?

A

Ipratropium

Oxitropium

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5
Q

What are some examples of LAMAs?

A

Tiotropium

Aclindinium

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6
Q

What are some side effects of salbutamol?

A

Fine tremor

Tachycardia

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7
Q

When is salmeterol useful?

A

Nocturnal asthma

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8
Q

When are CysLT1 antagonists used?

A

In antigen-induced and exercise-induced asthma

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9
Q

What are two examples of CysLT1 antagonists?

A

Montelukast

Zafirlukast

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10
Q

How do xanthines work?

A

Inhibit enzymes inactivating cAMP and cGMP (and hence allowing relaxation)

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11
Q

Why are glucocorticoids used in asthma?

A

For prophylaxis

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12
Q

How do glucocorticoids work?

A

Deacetylation of histones - prevents transcription of inflammatory genes (Th2 cytokines)
Prevent IgE formation
Prevent eosinophil influx

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13
Q

What are the side effects of inhaled steroids?

A

Dysphonia

Orophrayngeal candidiasis

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14
Q

How does Omalizumab work?

A

Prevents IgE attachment to FcEpsilon receptors

Decreased mast cell response in allergic asthma

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15
Q

What symptoms are present in asthma?

A 
Diurinal variation
Non-productive cough
Wheeze
Triggers
Atopy
FHx
16
Q

How is asthma diagnosed?

A 
Hx and exam
PEFR
Decreased FEV1%
Reversed on inhaled SABA
Provocation testing
17
Q

When is chromoglycate effective?

A

Prevention of asthma in atopic children

18
Q

When would H1-receptor antagonists be used?

A

If there is a known allergic trigger

19
Q

What is Samter’s triad?

A

Asthma
Nasal polyps
Salicylate sensitivity

Year 1 - Respiratory (DP) (16 decks)

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