Anatomy: Female Reproductive System and Breast

Question 1

Which parts of the female reproductive system lie in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of the vagina

Question 2

What parts of the female reproductive system lie in the perineum

Answer 2

inferior part of vagina
perineal muscles
bartholin's gland's
clitoris
labia

Question 3

Where is the perineum

Answer 3

inferior to the levator ani

Question 4

Name the two pouches formed by the inferior part of the parietal peritoneum in the female

Answer 4

Vesico uterine pouch

Recto uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

Question 5

What is the clinical significance of the pouch of douglas

Answer 5

most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity- where fluid will collect

Question 6

How can fluid be drained from the pouch of douglas

Answer 6

Via an needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina

Question 7

what is the broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 7

a double layer of peritoneum

Question 8

Where does the broad ligament of the uterus attach

Answer 8

extends between the uterus and the lateral walls & floor of the pelvis

Question 9

What is the function of the broad ligament

Answer 9

helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

contains within it the uterine tubes and (the proximal part of) the round ligament

Question 10

What is the round ligament

Answer 10

an embryological remnant

Question 11

what are the three layers of the body of the uterus

Answer 11

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

Question 12

Which layer of the uterus sheds during menstruation

Answer 12

endometrium

Question 13

Where does implantation of the zygote occur?

Answer 13

body of the uterus

Question 14

What is the name of the pregnancy that occurs elsewhere

Answer 14

ectopic pregnancy

Question 15

What are the three layers that support the uterus/

Answer 15

strong ligaments - uterosacral ligament
endopelvic fascia
muscles of the pelvic floor (levator ani)

Question 16

what can happen if there is weakness in the structures that support the uterus

Answer 16

uterine prolapse (movement of uterus inferiorly)

Question 17

What is the most common position of the uterus

Answer 17

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 18

What is meant by anteverted

Answer 18

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 19

what is meant by anteflexed

Answer 19

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)

Question 20

What is a normal variation of the position of the uterus

Answer 20

retroverted and retroflexed

Question 21

What is meant by retroverted?

Answer 21

uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 22

What is meant by anteflexed?

Answer 22

uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 23

What part is sampled in a cervical smear?

Answer 23

the squamo columnar junction

Question 24

What is the name of the device used to hold the walls of the vagina apart

Answer 24

speculum

Question 25

Where does fertilisation occur

Answer 25

ampulla

Question 26

What hormones do the ovaries secrete in response to FSH and LH

Answer 26

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 27

At what position can the ischial spines be palated on digital examination of the vagina

Answer 27

4 and 8 oclock

Question 28

What may be palpated on digital vaginal exam

Answer 28

ischial spines position of the uterus adnexae

Question 29

what type of muscle is the levator ani

Answer 29

skeletal muscles

Question 30

What nerve supplies the levator ani

Answer 30

the nerve to the levator ani made of S3,4 and 4

Question 31

what supplies the perineal muscles

Answer 31

the pudendal nerve

Question 32

what is the perineal body

Answer 32

a bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach located just deep to the skin

Question 33

What is the function of bartholians gland

Answer 33

to secrete mucus to lubricated the vagina

Question 34

Where is the female breast typically situated

Answer 34

from ribs 2 to 6 | on deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

Question 35

what is the name of the space between fascia and breat

Answer 35

retromamary space

Question 36

what attaches the breast to the skin

Answer 36

suspensory ligaments

Question 37

what are the four quadrants used to describe the female breast

Answer 37

upper outer upper inner lower outer lower inner

Question 38

where does most lymph from the breast drain

Answer 38

ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then supraclavicular lymph nodes

Question 39

where can lymph from the lower inner breast drain

Answer 39

abdominal lymph nodes

Question 40

what is a level 1 axillary lymph node

Answer 40

inferior and lateral to pec minor

Question 41

what is a level II axillary lymph node

Answer 41

deep to pec minor

Question 42

what is a level III axillary lymph node

Answer 42

superior and medial to pec minor