Anatomy (L)

Question 1

Function is an _______ of signals in networks

Answer 1

Emergent property

Question 2

Which aspects of our brain are incredibly well preserved?

Answer 2

Basic structure
Anatomy
Connectivity

Question 3

Our brain has evolved mainly in terms of

Answer 3

Enlargement of certain structures

Question 4

What functions do we still have present in our brain from distant ancestors?

Answer 4

Feeding/mating etc

Question 5

If we’re experiencing pain, this means

Answer 5

It is undergoing some kind of tissue damage

Question 6

The functional systems have evolved from (3)

Answer 6

1. Pain –> spinal cord
2. Threat –> SM midbrain
3. Learned Threat –> Cortex + LS

Question 7

The most sophisticated level of threat perception involves

Answer 7

Cortex/limbic system

Question 8

Three planes

Answer 8

Sagittal
Coronal
Horizontal

Question 9

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 9

Divides brain into left/right

Question 10

What is the coronal plane?

Answer 10

Divides brain into front/back

Question 11

What is the horizontal plane?

Answer 11

Divides brain horizontally

Question 12

Anterior is the ____ of the brain

Answer 12

Front

Question 13

Posterior is the ____ of the brain

Answer 13

Back

Question 14

Superior is the ____ of the brain

Answer 14

Top

Question 15

Inferior is the _____ of the brain

Answer 15

Bottom

Question 16

Central nervous system, aka

Answer 16

Brain + spinal cord

Question 17

How many major regions of the spinal cord are there

Answer 17

4

Question 18

Major subdivision

First subdivision (3)

Answer 18

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 19

Major brain subdivision

Second subdivision (5 parts)

Answer 19

Telencephalon 
Diencephalon 
Mesencephalon 
Metencephalon 
Myelencephalon

Question 20

Hindbrain refers to the ____ of the brain

Answer 20

Back

Question 21

Out of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, which is the oldest?

Answer 21

Hindbrain

Question 22

The telencephalon and the diencephalon are found in the

Answer 22

Forebrain

Question 23

Forebrain

The telencephalon is made up of the (3)

Answer 23

Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

Question 24

Forebrain

The diencephalon is made up of the (2)

Answer 24

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Question 25

The thalamus and hypothalamus are found in the

Answer 25

Diencephalon, forebrain

Question 26

Where are the tegmentum and tectum found?

Answer 26

Mesencephalon, midbrain

Question 27

The metencephalon is found in the

Answer 27

Hindbrain

Question 28

The meTencephalon is made up of the (2)

Answer 28

Pons, cerebellum

Question 29

The myelencephalon is made up of the (1)

Answer 29

Medulla

Question 30

The meSencephalon is made up of the (2)

Answer 30

Tegmentum | Tectum

Question 31

Medulla Involved in (2)

Answer 31

Low level SM control | Vital functions

Question 32

Medulla Involved in vital functions e.g. (3)

Answer 32

Sleep, wakefulness, motor plant

Question 33

Medulla Contains ______ of the reticular formation

Answer 33

Caudal part

Question 34

Medulla Contains caudal part of the

Answer 34

Reticular formation

Question 35

Pons A ______ from cortex and midbrain to cerebellum

Answer 35

Relay

Question 36

Pons A relay from cortex and midbrain to

Answer 36

Cerebellum

Question 37

The pons is important in

Answer 37

Pontine reticular formation (walking patterns)

Question 38

The cerebellum is smaller than the brain, but contains

Answer 38

As many neurons as rest of CNS

Question 39

Cerebellum "_____ errors"

Answer 39

Motor errors

Question 40

Cerebellum To avoid motor errors, the cerebellum adjusts

Answer 40

Synaptic weights

Question 41

Cerebellum __________ takes place during movement: motor learning

Answer 41

Online correction

Question 42

Tectum, also known as

Answer 42

Colliculi

Question 43

Tectum is subdivided into (2)

Answer 43

Superior colliculus | Inferior colliculus

Question 44

Superior colliculus is mainly involved in

Answer 44

Sensory input --> motor output/orienting to outside world

Question 45

Inferior colliculus receives ____ inputs

Answer 45

Auditory

Question 46

Tegmentum contains three COLOURFUL STRUCTURES

Answer 46

Periaqueductal gray Red nucleus Substantia nigra

Question 47

Out of the three tegmentum structures, which is the most important?

Answer 47

Substantia nigra

Question 48

Parkinson's disease is associated with the

Answer 48

Substantia nigra

Question 49

Thalamus is made up of two nuclei types:

Answer 49

Specific nuclei | Non-specific nuclei

Question 50

Non-specific nuclei have a ______ role

Answer 50

Diffuse

Question 51

Specific nuclei relays signals to cortex/limbic system...

Answer 51

For all sensations but smell

Question 52

Non-specific nuclei have a role in regulating

Answer 52

Sleep/wakefulness/arousal

Question 53

Thalamus has IMPORTANT relays from ______ and ______ back to cortex

Answer 53

Basal ganglia | Cerebellum

Question 54

Hypothalamus regulates the _____ gland

Answer 54

Pituitary

Question 55

Hypothalamus regulates the _____ of human behaviour

Answer 55

4 F's

Question 56

Hypothalamus plays a role in hormonal control of

Answer 56

Motivated behaviour

Question 57

Motivated behaviour, e.g.

Answer 57

Hunger, thirst, temperature

Question 58

Peripheral nervous system covers

Answer 58

Everything outside skull/spine

Question 59

Peripheral nervous system is divided into

Answer 59

Somatic nervous system | Autonomic nervous system

Question 60

Afferent nerves means

Answer 60

Affected by outside world

Question 61

Efferent nerves means

Answer 61

Has an EFFECT on the external environment

Question 62

Somatic and autonomic nervous system have _____ and ______ nerves

Answer 62

Afferent | Efferent

Question 63

The cortex is divided into 4 lobes

Answer 63

Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

Question 64

Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital The 4 different lobes of the

Answer 64

Cortex

Question 65

Largest portion of the brain

Answer 65

Cerebral cortex

Question 66

"Its major function is orienting the animal, particularly with eye movements, to objects of interest in the outside world."

Answer 66

Superior colliculus