Stress

Question 1

The cluster of physiological changes associated with stress is defined as

Answer 1

The stress response

Question 2

Stress can be ____ or ____

Answer 2

Acute

Chronic

Question 3

Stressors acting on neural circuits involve the release of: (3)

Answer 3

ACTH
PVN
Glucocorticoids

Question 4

Most common glucocorticoid

Answer 4

Cortisol

Question 5

Stressors activate the ____ nervous system

Answer 5

Sympathetic

Question 6

2 things released from the adrenal medulla in response to stress?

Answer 6

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Question 7

ACTH acts on the

Answer 7

Adrenal gland

Question 8

ACTH is a

Answer 8

Hormone

Question 9

ACTH acts on the adrenal gland, which involves the release of (3)

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

Question 10

Psychosomatic disorders are medical disorders with…

Answer 10

Psychological factors playing a causal role

Question 11

Bacteria causing gastric ulcers?

Answer 11

H-Pylori

Question 12

H-Pylori is present in 75% of people WITHOUT stomach ulcers. What does this suggest?

Answer 12

Insufficient in causing disorder alone

Stress increases susceptibility

Question 13

If microorganisms breach surface barriers and enter the body, they are met by two lines of defence:

Answer 13

1. Innate immune system

2. Adaptive immune system

Question 14

Two sub-types of the immune system?

Answer 14

Innate and adaptive

Question 15

Together, the innate and adaptive immune system constitute the

Answer 15

Immune system

Question 16

Which is the first immune system to react?

Answer 16

Innate immune system

Question 17

Which is the QUICKEST immune system to react?

Answer 17

Innate immune system

Question 18

One of the first reactions from the INNATE immune system is

Answer 18

Inflammation

Question 19

The innate immune system is triggered when

Answer 19

Toll-like receptors bind to molecules on surface of pathogens

Question 20

The group of peptide hormones causing inflammation is called

Answer 20

Cytokines

Question 21

Cytokines

Answer 21

Group of peptide hormones

Involved in innate immune response

Question 22

Cytokines attract (2)

Answer 22

Leukocytes

Phagocytes

Question 23

Cytokines also promote the healing of…

Answer 23

Damaged tissue

Question 24

One example of a phagocyte

Answer 24

Microgalia

Question 25

The destruction of pathogens by phagocytes is called

Answer 25

Phagocytosis

Question 26

Adaptive immune system differs from innate in 4 respects

Answer 26

1. Recently evolved 2. Slower 3. Specific 4. Has a memory

Question 27

Lymphocytes are found in the

Answer 27

Adaptive immune system

Question 28

Two major classes of lymphocytes

Answer 28

T cells | B cells

Question 29

T cells: _____ mediated immunity

Answer 29

Cell

Question 30

B cells: ____ _mediated immunity

Answer 30

Antibody

Question 31

The role of lymphocytes is to

Answer 31

Destroy foreign cells that have already been attacked by phagocytes

Question 32

T cells Phagocyte ingests a microorganism Then, the T-Cell with..

Answer 32

The appropriate receptor binds to the phagocyte

Question 33

After the T-Cell has bound to the appropriate receptor, it

Answer 33

Develops into a form that kills ingested cells

Question 34

How many kinds of T cell receptors are there for each antigen

Answer 34

One for every type of antigen

Question 35

B cells Release ____

Answer 35

Antibodies

Question 36

B cells The antibodies bind to...and...

Answer 36

Antigens Kills the microorganism

Question 37

How does memory relate to the adaptive system?

Answer 37

Mechanism that gives vaccinations their preventative effect

Question 38

T cells and B cells have receptors for

Answer 38

Glucocorticoids

Question 39

Lymphocytes have receptors for (3)

Answer 39

Epinephrine Norepinephrine Glucocorticoids

Question 40

Which region of the brain is particularly susceptible to stress?

Answer 40

Hippocampus

Question 41

Why might the hippocampus be particularly susceptible to stress?

Answer 41

Dense population of glucocorticoid receptors

Question 42

Early exposure to stress --> increase in

Answer 42

Release of glucocorticoids in response to stressors

Question 43

Rat pups with high-nurturing mothers raised by low-nurturing mothers do NOT have an increase tendency to develop anxiety. This indicates

Answer 43

Specific factors were inherited from their mothers that protects them (epigenetic)

Question 44

An 8 week training programme in mindfulness resulted in....

Answer 44

Significant increases in antibodies to influenza vaccine

Question 45

Participants who went away on an intensive meditation retreat had greater...

Answer 45

Telomerase (immune cell) activity