Parkinson's

Question 1

Affects ___ of the population

Answer 1

0.5%

Question 2

Is Parkinson’s more common in men or women?

Answer 2

Men (2.5x)

Question 3

Parkinson’s is idiopathic. What does this mean?

Answer 3

Each case has its own origin - no single cause

Question 4

Bradykinesia refers to

Answer 4

Very slow movement

Question 5

3 symptoms of Parkinson’s?

Answer 5

Tremor
Rigidity
Lack of movement

Question 6

Widespread degeneration, particularly severe in the…

Answer 6

Substantia nigra

Question 7

Substantia nigra

Neurons project

Answer 7

Via the nigrostriatal pathway to the striatum of the basal ganglia

Question 8

There is little _____ in the SN and striatum of PD patients

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

There is little dopamine in the ______ and ______ of PD patients

Answer 9

Substantia nigra

Striatum

Question 10

___ of the brains dopamine is found in the basal ganglia

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

Frozen Addicts case study

What was a byproduct of the synthetic heroin?

Answer 11

MPTP

Question 12

Frozen Addicts case study

MPTP was converted to

Answer 12

MPP+ (damaging free radical)

Question 13

Frozen Addicts case study

MPTP was specifically targeting the….

Answer 13

Dopamine producing cells of the SN

Question 14

MPTP had NO effect on

Answer 14

Rats, cats, dogs

Question 15

Aside from humans, who did MPTP affect?

Answer 15

Non-human primates

Question 16

MPTP had the same devastating effects on primates as it did humans. This lead to the development of

Answer 16

Nonhuman primate model

Question 17

In primates, MPTP had the same effects it did humans (2)

Answer 17

Cell loss in SN

Major reduction in DA

Question 18

Basal ganglia receives excitatory input from

Answer 18

Many areas of cortex

Question 19

Basal ganglia output is mainly

Answer 19

Inhibitory (GABA)

Question 20

Excessive output from _____ causes PD symptoms

Answer 20

Internal pallidal segment

Question 21

If the ______ is lesioned, PD symptoms reduce/disappear

Answer 21

Internal pallidal segment

Question 22

What are L-Dopa injections

Answer 22

Dopamine precursor to replace lost dopamine

Question 23

Are L-Dopa injections effective?

Answer 23

Less effective with continued use

Question 24

Cannabis is a

Answer 24

Dopamine agonist

Question 25

To treat PD, the lost dopamine could be replaced. | 2

Answer 25

L-Dopa | Dopamine agonists

Question 26

How can PD be cured via surgical intervention? (2)

Answer 26

1. Lesion | 2. Deep brain stimulation

Question 27

How can PD be cured via transplant?

Answer 27

Transplanting appropriate metal tissue into the site

Question 28

Deep brain stimulation cure for PD?

Answer 28

Stimulation of nucleus beneath thalamus and connected to basal ganglia: sub thalamic nucleus

Question 29

Main assumed cause?

Answer 29

Severe degeneration in SN Dopamine usually released in SN Low in PD patients

Question 30

What is the genetic basis for Parkinson's?

Answer 30

Around 10 gene mutations linked (ONLY IN RARE EARLY ONSET TYPE)