Anatomy L.6 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Where is the site of spermatogenesis?
Seminiferous tubules
When is peak activity of Leydig cells observed?
3-4 months of pregnancy
What is the largest cell in the sprematogenic lineage?
Primary spermatocyte, first to undergo meiotic division
At what phase does the formation of acrosome occur?
A. Cap phase
B. Acrosome phase
C. Golgi phase
D. Maturation phase?
C. Golgi phase -> golgi apparatus produces proacrosomal vesicles that fuse to form acrosome vesicle
What are the phases in spermiogenesis?
1) Golgi phase -> formation of acrosome
Golgi apparatus produces proacsomal vesicles that fuse to form acrosome vesicle
2) Cap phase -> nuclear condensation and elongation
The acrosome spreads over anterior part of the nucleus
The nucleus begins to condense and elongate
3) Acrosome phase -> Development of flagellum (tail)
Centrioles move to posterior pole to form the flagellum
Mitochondria align around the proximal part of the tail (midpiece)
4) Maturation phase -> loss of excess cytoplasm
Residual bodies are phagocytosed by sertoli cells
Sperm attain streamlined shape and motility potential
What divides the seminiferous tubules into compartments and what are the compartments?
Sertoli cells, into:
1) Basal compartment: contains spermatogonia
2) Adluminal compartment: contains spermatocytes and spermatids
What are the straight tubules (tubuli recti) lined by?
Initially only sertoli cells but then transitions into simple cuboidal cells
What is rete testes in the mediatinum testes lined by?
Cuboidal epithelium
What is the epididymis lined by?
Psuedostratified columnar epithelium
What are the cells that are in the epithelium of the epididymis?
Epididymis is lined by psuedostratified epithelium which consists of:
1) Principal cells
-Tall, columnar cells with long stereocilia
-function in secretion(glycolipids and glycoprotein) for sperm maturation
-Absorb excess fluid and remove residual bodies and or debris not cleared by sertoli cells
2) small, round basal (stem) cells
-serve as progenitor cells for epithelial renewal
How long does passage of sperm through the epididymis take?
2-4 weeks where is undergoes maturation and acquires the ability to fertilize an ovum
What is the primary energy source for sperm?
Fructose
What are the seminal fluid components?
1) Fructose
Main energy source for sperm
2) prostaglandins
-softens cervical mucus
-stimulate activity in FRT
-induce reverse contractions in fallopian tubes
-suppress an immune response against foreign sperm
3) Fibrinogen
Enables semen coagulation after ejaculation
What are the structural components of the prostate gland?
1) Fibromuscular stroma (capsule)
Contains smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that contract during ejaculation. • Extends septa, dividing the gland into indistinct lobes.
2) Glandular duct
Converge and empty directly into the prostatic urethra, which runs through the
center of the prostate.
What are the surfaces of the prostate gland?
1) Base surface
2) Apex surface
What surface of the prostate gland plays a role in the relationship of the prostate with the perineum?
Apex surface
FYI.
Base Surface:
• Lies near the lower surface of the bladder, facing upward toward the pubic symphysis. • This surface is essential for understanding the prostate’s relationship with the bladder.
Imp for surgery or infection
• Apex Surface:
• Points downward, resting on the urogenital diaphragm. • This surface is near the pelvic floor and plays a role in the prostate’s relationship with the perineum.
What prostate gland lobe is palpable during digital rectal examination (DRE) and is clinically significant for detection of prostate pathology?
Posterior lobe
What accounts for the majority of the prostate gland’s mass?
The two lateral lobes
FYI.
They are separated by the prostatic urethra, which carries urine and semen for micturition and ejaculation
What are the areas that prostate cancer most likely develops?
Two lateral lobes of the prostate gland
What cone shaped lobe is located between the urethra and the ejaculatory duct?
Median lobe of the prostatic gland
What plays a role in the narrowing of the prostatic urethra during BPH leading to urinary symptoms and difficulty urinating?
Median lobe of the prostate gland
What prostate zone contains periurethral submucosal glands?
Central zone (CZ)
FYI.
- Surrounds the ejaculatory ducts.
• Contains the periurethral submucosal glands with longer ducts 20-25%
• Counts for roughly 2.5% of prostate cancers;
• Tend to be more aggressive and more likely to invade the seminal vesicles.
What prostate zone contains periurethral mucosal glands?
Transitional zone (TZ)
Tumor in what zone is associated with higher levels of PSA?
Transitional zone (TZ)
FYI.
Surrounds the proximal superior portion of the urethra at the point of entry into the prostate
• Contains periurethral mucosal glands
• Initially small, it grows throughout life & its increasing size causes enlargement seen in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
• ~10–20% of prostate cancers originate in this zone
• Tumors in this region are usually associated with higher levels of PSA & are larger.
• However, they are slow to invade the seminal vesicles or the prostate capsule, and recurrence after treatment is unlikely.
