MDS Flashcards
(19 cards)
What hormone is produced by corpus luteum?
Progesterone
In which phase of the menstrual cycle is progesterone secreted?
During Luteal phase, ruptured follicle forms corpus luteum, and secretes progesterone (some estrogen)
When does menstruation occur?
When corpus luteum degenerates (forms corpus albicans)
What layer of the endometrium sheds every month?
Functionalis
You were given a histological sample of the endometrium. You found that there are prominent subnuclear vacuolation. What would that indicate?
That it is in early secretory phase, important sign for ovulation. 1st sign of menstruation
What regenerates stratum functionalis of the endometrium?
Stratum basalis
What causes necrosis and death of the functional layer of the endometrium?
Constriction of the spiral arteries —> dec. blood supply to the layer —> necrosis and death —> shedding
Sudden loss of progesterone —> spiral arteries constrict —> hypoxia —> tissue falls away and spiral arteries break off
What would result due to overproduction or an imbalance in uterine prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin I2, or Thromboxane A2?
Primary Menorrhagia
> Pxs with primary Menorrhagia may also have increased fibrinolysia
What is the underlying cause of primary dysmenorrhea?
Overproduction of prostaglandin F2a
What are the factors that are required for normal menstruation?
1) Endocrine factors
2) vascular factors
What is the ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding associated with?
Increased prostaglandin release (hemostatic deficiency)
What type of dysfunctional uterine bleeding results from hormonal imbalance?
Anovulatory
When are the anovulatory cycles most common and why?
At menarche and peri-menopausal period
Due to fluctuations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis
What causes the formation of the cysts in PCOS
Follicular arrest (lack of further maturation of the follicle)
A patient is diagnosed with chronic endometritis caused by pelvic inflammatory disease. What are the most common causes for that?
Neisseria gonnorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis
What is the most common cause of hematosalpinx?
Tubal pregnancy
FYI:
Hematosalpinx= blood-filled fallopian tube
Tubal pregnancy causes blood-filled fallopian tube, what is that called?
Hematosalpinx
What occurs during tubal pregnancy?
Growth of gestational sac in fallopian tube, distends fallopian tube causing thinning of wall and rupture. This rupture causes massive intraperitoneal bleeding
What occurs when there is ruptured tubal pregnancy?
Massive intraperitoneal bleeding
