Anatomy of Nervous System

Question 1

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 1

controls emotions, judgement, and high level cognitive skills

Question 2

Precentral gyrus

Answer 2

primary motor coretx for voluntary muscle activation

Question 3

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 3

primary sensory cortex for integration of sensations

Question 4

Limbic system

Answer 4

primary functions: feeding, agression, emotions, endocrine aspects of sexual response, long term memory

Question 5

Basal ganglia

Answer 5

initiates voluntary movement, controls postural adjustments, refines coordination, forms and stores motor plans, produces dopamine

Question 6

thalamus

Answer 6

has motor and sensory nuclei
Sensory nuclei does not account for olfactory

Question 7

Subthalamus

Answer 7

controls several functional pathways for sensory, motor and reticular function

Question 8

hypothalamus

Answer 8

controls functions of ANS
maintains body homeostasis

Question 9

Midbrain

Answer 9

Part of brain stem
relay station for auditory, visual, and pupillary reflexes
important for the suppression of pain

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

part of brain stem
assists in controlling autonmic functioning (controlling pain and arousal)
initates REM

Question 11

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 11

connects spinal cord to pons
vital cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor centers
controls reflex actions (gagging, swallowing, and coughing)

Question 12

Cerebellum anterior lobe

Answer 12

prop regulation
Maintenance of posture and voluntary movement

Question 13

Cerebellum posterior lobe

Answer 13

motor planning
coordination

Question 14

Cerebellar Disorders

Answer 14

Friedreichs Ataxia
Spinocerebellar Ataxia

Question 15

Central grey matter

Answer 15

Anterior/ventral horn: rise to efferent motor neurons
Posterior/dorsal horn: contains afferent sensory neurons

Question 16

Acsending fiber systems

Answer 16

sensory pathways
contains info from body up to spinal cord to the brain

Question 17

Medial Lemnisacal tract

Answer 17

part of ascending sensory tract
proprioception, vibraition, kinesthia, and tactile discriminiation

Question 18

Spinaothalamic Tract

Answer 18

conveys temperature, pain, and crude touch

Question 19

Descending fiber tracts

Answer 19

motor pathways
motor info from brain to spinal cord to body

Question 20

corticospinal tract

Answer 20

innervate skeletal muscles
important for voluntary motor control

Question 21

Vestibulospinal tracts

Answer 21

muscle tone
postural reflexes

Question 22

Reticulospinal Tract

Answer 22

important for preparatory movements and postural control

Question 23

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 23

innervations of involuntary structures
helps maintain homeostasis
two divisions: parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 24

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic ANS

Answer 24

Sympathetic: fight or flight responses
parasympathetic: rest and digest

Question 25

Cebrerospinal Fluid

Answer 25

provides mechanical support, controls brain excitability, aids in the exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 26

Alpha Nerve fibers

Answer 26

conduction of proprioception and somatic motor

Question 27

Beta Nerve fibers

Answer 27

condunction of touch and pressure

Question 28

Gamma Nerve Fibers

Answer 28

conduction of motor to muscle spindles

Question 29

Delta Nerve Fibers

Answer 29

pain, temperature and touch

Question 30

A fibers

Answer 30

large, myelinated, fast conducting Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta

Question 31

B fibers

Answer 31

small, myelinated, slower

Question 32

C fibers

Answer 32

smalled unmyelinated dorsal root and sympathetic

Question 33

Upper motor neurons

Answer 33

carries motor messages from the primary motor cortex to the cranial nerve nuclei in the brain stem

Question 34

Lower motor neurons

Answer 34

carries motor messages from motor cell bodies to skeletal muscles (peripheral nervous system)

Question 35

UMN Lesion

Answer 35

Disorders: stroke, TBI, SCI Tone: increased/ hypertonia Reflexes: hyperreflexia/clonus, positive Babinski reflex involuntary movements: muscle spasms (flexor or extensor) Voluntary movements: impaired or absent

Question 36

LMN Lesion

Answer 36

Disorders: polio, Guillain-Barré, peripheral neuropathy Tone: hypotonia or flaccidity Reflexes: decreased or absent hyporeflexia, cutaneous relfexes absent Involuntary movements: with denervation: fasciculations Voluntary movements: weak or absent if nerve interupted