Neuromuscular Disorders Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Dyskinesias

A

Involuntary, non-repetitive but occasionally stereotyped movements affecting distal, proximal, and axial musculature
Most common in basal ganglia disorders

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1
Q

Hemiballismus

A

involuntary flinging motions of the extremities
often violent and wide amplitudes of motion
can occur distal or proximal on one side of the body

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2
Q

Dystonia

A

sustained abnormal postures and disruptions of ongoing movement due to alteration of muscle tone

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3
Q

Cardinal Signs of Parkinsons

A

T= tremor
R= rigidity
A= akinesia
P= postural instability

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4
Q

Stage 1 of Parkinsons

A

unilateral tremor, akinesia, minimal or no functional impairment

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5
Q

Stage 2 of Parkinsons

A

bilateral tremor, rigidity, or akinesia, with or without axial signs, independent with ADL, no balance impairment

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6
Q

Stage 3 of Parkinsons

A

worsening of symptoms, impaired righting reflexes, difficulties with ADL performance, can lead independent life

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7
Q

Stage 4 of Parkinsons

A

requires help with ADL, unable to live alone, able to walk and stand unaided

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8
Q

Stage 5 Parkinsons

A

unable to stand, walk, or perform ADL, max assist required

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9
Q

Medications for Parkinsons and Side effects

A

Levodopa compensates for the loss of dopamine
As the disease progresses drug works less evenly and predictably
on-off effect of long-term use may cause symptoms to appear and disappear suddenly

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10
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Bony malformation with separation of vertebral arches of one or more vertebrae
may not be discovered until late childhood
occasionally slight instability and neuromuscular impairments but no huge symptoms

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11
Q

Occult spinal dysraphism

A

red birthmark, patch of hair, dermal sinus, tumor
may result in spinal cord being split or being tethered
neurological damage and developmental abnormalities as child grows

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12
Q

Spina bifida with meningocele

A

Protrusion of sac through spine, containing CSF and meninges, does not include SC
usually does not present with symptoms impacting function on SC
Slight instability and some bowel and bladder issues may occur

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13
Q

Spina bifida with myelomeningocele

A

protrusion of sac through spine containing CSF and meninges as well as SC or nerve roots
results in sensory and motor deficits occurring below the level of the lesion
may result in LE paralysis and DVT
Lesions of S2-S4 result in bowel and bladder problems

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14
Q

Tethered cord syndrome

A

visible signs include: hairy patch of skin, hemangioma, dimple of lower spine
difficulties with bowel/bladder control, gait, scoliosis
Symptoms may be exacerbated by growth spurts or when pregnant

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15
Q

Signs of shunt malfunction

A

CRITICAL EMERGENCY
soft spot on forehead (infants)
severe headache, vomitting, irritability
change in UE function
impaired vision
onset of seizure disorder or increased activity

16
Q

Average age diagnosis of muscular dystrophy

A

5 years unless known family history or early detection

17
Q

Duchennes muscular dystrophy

A

most common form
detected between 3-5
enlargement of calf muscles and at times forearm and thighs
weakness of proximal joints
ambulates with trendelenburg gait , uses hands to crawl up thighs to get to standing
weakness occurs in all voluntary muscles
behavioral and learning difficults
rarely survive past early 20s

18
Q

Beckers muscular dystrophy

A

slower to progress and less severe than Duchenne
loss of motor function of hips, thighs, pelvic area and shoulders
survival can be into late adulthood

19
Q

Specific Symptoms of muscular dystrophy and atrophy

A

low muscle tone and weakness
difficulties with oral motor feeding
deformities of extremities and spine
difficulties breathing

20
Q

Symptoms of ALS

A

muscle weakness and atrophy beginning dismally and asymmetrical
cramps and fasiculations
signs usually begin in hands
LMN signs (hyperactive reflexes, hypertonia)

21
Q

how is ALS symptoms documented?

A

revised ALS Functional Rating Scale
speech, salvation, swallowing, handwriting, cutting food, dressing, turning in bed etc.
Lower scores indicate greater symptoms

22
Q

ALS treatment

A

medications
treating secondary complications

23
Q

Erbs Palsy

A

paralysis of upper brachial plexus
5th and 6th cervical nerves
Arm cannot be raised, elbow flexion is weakened
positioning and ROM exercises are necessary to decrease contractures

24
Klumpkes Palsy
paralysis of lower brachial plexus more rare compared to erbs paralysis of hand and wrist
25
guillain-Barré Syndrome
acute and rapidly progressing demyelintion of the peripheral nerves and spinal roots
26
Guillain-Barre Longterm Symptoms
acute, rapidly progressive form of polyneuropathy symmetric muscle weakness and mild distal sensory loss weakness if more prominent dismally first and then progresses proximally deep tendon reflexes are lost
27
Medical Managment for GBS
medical emergency respiratory support may be needed
28
Myasthenia Gravis
occurs at any age but often affects younger women and older men attach on ACh receptors of postsynaptic NMJ
29
MS symptoms
weakness in legs or hands multiple and varied neurological symptoms and signs of visual and emotional disturbances cognitive deficits bowel and bladder dysfunction spasticity
30
Four patterns of MS
relapsing remitting secondary progressive primary progressive Progressive relapsing
31
symptoms of myasthenia gravis
episodic muscle weakness diplopia muscle fatigue after exercise dysarthria dysphasia proximal limb weakness symptoms fluctuate throughout the day