SCI

Question 1

Complete Cord Lesion

Answer 1

UMN Lesion
complete bilateral loos of all sensory
bilateral loss of motor function below injury
loss of bladder and bowel functions

Question 2

Central Cord Lesion

Answer 2

UMN Lesion
Primarily loss of motor in UE
loss of spinothalamic tract
loss of ventral horn
Preservation of proprioception and discriminatory sensation

Question 3

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Answer 3

UMN Lesion
ipsilateral loss of dorsal columns
ipsilateral loss of corticospinal tracts
contralateral loss of spinothalamic tract below level of lesion

Question 4

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 4

UMN Lesion
loss of lateral corticospinal tracts, bilateral loss of motor function
loss of spinothalamic
Preservation of dorsal columns (prop, vibration)

Question 5

Posterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 5

UMN Lesion
loss of dorsal columns bilaterally
bilateral loss of prop, vibration and discriminatory senses
Preservation of motor function, pain and light touch

Question 6

Cauda Equina Injury

Answer 6

LMN Lesion
Flaccid Paralysis with no spinal reflex
paralysis of bowel and bladder
potential for nerve regeneration

Question 7

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 7

excessive fall in blood pressure when moving to an upright position

Question 8

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 8

abnormal response to painful stimuli that results in headache, an increase in blood pressure, and profuse sweating

Question 9

What might cause autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 9

bowel irritation or overdistention
Bladder infection, blocked catheter, overfilled urine bag
skin related irritants

Question 10

How to prevent autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 10

decrease risks of pressure wounds
ensure compliance with catheterization
educate patients and caregivers about warning signs and causes to decrease risk

Question 11

What to do in case of autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 11

Remove the stimulus and resolve the underlying issue immediately
Ex.) empty urine bag, decrease pressure on wounds

Question 12

C1-C3 SCI Muscles and Movements

Answer 12

Strenocleidomastoid, cervical paraspinal, and neck accessories
Movements: neck flexion, extension, and rotation

Question 13

C1-C3 SCI Function

Answer 13

ventilator dependent
very limited verbal communication, may use AAC, mouth stick
Total Assist ADL and IADL
Total Assist for mobility and transfers, may use power wheel chair with head controls or sip and puff

Question 14

C4 SCI Muscles and Movement

Answer 14

All neck, diaphragm, upper traps
Cervical movements
Scapular elevation and inspiration
usually head and neck control

Question 15

C4 SCI Functions

Answer 15

sometimes needs ventilator, needs cough assist
normal communication
Total assist with ADL and IADL
possible independence with eating if can use AE
Total assist with bed mobility and transfers
Independently use a power chair with head control or sip and puff

Question 16

C5 SCI Muscles and Movements

Answer 16

deltoids, biceps, rhomboids
shoulder flexion, abduction, and extension
Elbow flexion and supination
Head and neck control with some shoulder control

Question 17

C5 SCI Function

Answer 17

independent with eating after set up using AE
can be independent with most self-care after set up using AE (mitts, universal cuffs)
AE to assist caregiver with UB dressing and bathing
Total assist for bowels
independently relieve pressure with a power tilt chair and use hand controls to move power chair

Question 18

C6 SCI Muscles and Movement

Answer 18

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, serratus anterior, lats
head neck and shoulder movements
elbow flexion, supination, and wrist extension

Question 19

C6 SCI function

Answer 19

independent with eating and grooming after set-up using the tenodesis splint and AE
independent with UB dressing and some assistance with LB dressing after set-up with AE
Some to total assistance with bowel and bladder
can perform slide board transfers, lateral lean pressure relief with some assistance
sometimes use manual chair depending on surfaces
independently drive with specialized equipment

Question 20

C7-C8 SCI Muscles and Movements

Answer 20

triceps, flexor digitorums, pronator, lumbricrals, abductor pollicis
elbow extension, finger and thumb flexion, abduction and extension

Question 21

C7-C8 SCI Function

Answer 21

independent in many daily tasks with the use of tenodesis and AE
May need some assistance with LB dressing and bathing and AE
some to no assistance with bowel and bladder management (still have a catheter or bowel help)
independently perform transfers with or without slideboard
complete wheelchair pushups to relieve pressure
independently propel manual wheelchair
can drive independently with hand controls, sometimes be able to load and unload the chair, depending on the vehicle

Question 22

T1-T9 SCI Muscles and Movement

Answer 22

intrinsics of hands including thumb, erector spinae, intercostal muscles
UE fully intact
Limited upper trunk stability

Question 23

T1-T9 SCI Function

Answer 23

independently complete all ADL tasks, AE may be used if needed
independent with bed mobility and transfers with no AE
Independently drives with hand controls and loads and unloads the chair into the car
independently propel chair on all surfaces and up and down curbs

Question 24

T10-L1 SCI Muscles and Movements

Answer 24

intact intercostals, external obliques, and rectus abdominis
good trunk stability
possible ambulation with braces and some assist

Question 25

T10-L1 Function

Answer 25

Independent with all ADL independent with pressure relief, chair mobility, and transfers may ambulate with braces and AE depending on LE strength and ROM

Question 26

L2-S5 Muscles and Movement

Answer 26

intact abdominals and all trunk muscles depending on level some hip muscles, knees muscles, legs muscles, and ankle muscles Partial control of LE

Question 27

L2-S5 Function

Answer 27

independent with all areas of occupation ambulate with little to no bracing with assistive devices