Anatomy of the CVS 1

Question 1

What is the function of the arteries?

Answer 1

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 2

What is the function of the veins?

Answer 2

Carry deoxygenated blood towards to heart

Question 3

What is the function of the capillaries?

Answer 3

Exchange nutrients and site of gas exchange.

Question 4

What do lymphatics of the CVS do?

Answer 4

Drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues.

Question 5

Name the two main circulations of the heart.

Answer 5

Pulmonary
Systemic

Question 6

Describe the pulmonary circulation of the heart

Answer 6

Between the heart and lungs

Question 7

Describe the systemic circulation of the CVS

Answer 7

Between the heart and the rest of the body

Question 8

Name to two other less important circulations of the heart.

Answer 8

-Hepatic portal circulation
- Lymphatic system

Question 9

What is the hepatic portal circulation?

Answer 9

Venous system which returns blood to from the digestive tract to the spleen and the liver.

Question 10

Which organs does the hepatic artery supply?

Answer 10

Liver
Duodenum
Pancreas

Question 11

Where does the heart lie?

Answer 11

In the middle mediastinum

Question 12

What vertebral level is the mediastinum?

Answer 12

T4

Question 13

Where does the mediastinum lie between?

Answer 13

Right and left pleurae.

Question 14

Where does the mediastinum extend from and to?

Answer 14

Extends from the sternum at the front to the the vertebral column at the back.

Question 15

The mediastinum contains all thoracic structures except for?

Answer 15

Lungs and pleura

Question 16

Where does the aortic arch start and end?

Answer 16

T4

Question 17

List the different parts of the mediastinum.

Answer 17

Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum (posterior, middle and interior mediatsinum)

Question 18

List the organs in the superior mediastinum.

Answer 18

Thymus
Oesophagus
Trachea

Question 19

List the arteries of the superior mediastinum.

Answer 19

Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery.

Question 20

Lists the veins and lymphatics of the superior mediastinum.

Answer 20

Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic veins
The arch of the azygos
Thoracic duct.

Question 21

List the organs found in the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 21

Oesophagus

Question 22

List the arteries of the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 22

Descending thoracic aorta

Question 23

List the veins/ lymphatics of the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 23

Azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct

Question 24

List the organs of the middle mediastinum.

Answer 24

Heart, trachea, main bronchi

Question 25

List the arteries of the middle mediastinum.

Answer 25

Ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pericardiacophrenic arteries.

Question 26

List the veins/ lymphatics of the middle mediastinum.

Answer 26

Superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, pericardiacophrenic veins.

Question 27

What is found in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 27

Fat, ascending aorta, lymph nodes, internal mammary artery and vein, adjacent osseous structures (ribs and sternum), and thymus.

Question 28

Which structures lie anterior to the heart.

Answer 28

Sternum Costal cartilages 4-7

Question 29

Which structures lie posteriorly to the heart?

Answer 29

Oesophagus and descending aorta

Question 30

Which structures lie laterally to the heart?

Answer 30

Pleura and phrenic nerve

Question 31

Which structures lie inferiorly to the heart?

Answer 31

Central tendon of the diaphragm.

Question 32

How many heart borders are there?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

How many surfaces of the heart are there?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

What are the four borders of the heart?

Answer 34

Right border Left border Superior border Inferior border

Question 35

What is the right border of the heart?

Answer 35

Right atria

Question 36

What makes up the left border of the heart?

Answer 36

Left ventricle

Question 37

What makes up the superior border of the heart?

Answer 37

Auricles and the great vessels

Question 38

What are the great vessels?

Answer 38

Aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins and vena cava (superior and inferior)

Question 39

What makes up the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 39

Right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle.

Question 40

What makes up the anterior/ sternocostal surface of the heart?

Answer 40

1/3 RA 2/3 RV LV

Question 41

What makes up the inferior/ diaphragmatic surface of the heart?

Answer 41

RV LV

Question 42

What makes up the posterior (base) surface of the heart.

Answer 42

LV

Question 43

What does the inferior border lie against?

Answer 43

The diaphragm

Question 44

Which vertebrae does the lie lie anterior to?

Answer 44

T5-8

Question 45

Where is the apex of the heart?

Answer 45

5th left intercostal space on the midclavicular line LV

Question 46

What is the pericardium?

Answer 46

Fibrous sac enclosing the heart and great vessels.

Question 47

How many types of pericardia are there?

Answer 47

2

Question 48

What are the two types of pericardia?

Answer 48

Serous and fibrous

Question 49

Describe the fibrous pericardium

Answer 49

Dense connective tissue sac

Question 50

Describe the serous pericardium.

Answer 50

Has an outer parietal level and inner visceral layer.

Question 51

What is the epicardium?

Answer 51

Part of the inner vsiceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Question 52

What is the epicardium?

Answer 52

Part of the inner visceral layer of the serous pericardium. Covers the heart but not the great vessels.

Question 53

Where is the pericardial cavity?

Answer 53

Between the parietal and visceral layers

Question 54

What is in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 54

Pericardial fluid