Muscles Revised

Question 1

Name the three types of muscle

Answer 1

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 2

Which end of the muscle is the origin usualy?

Answer 2

The stationary end, most commonly the proximal/superior part of a muscle.

Question 3

Which end of the muscle is usually the insertion of the muscle?

Answer 3

The moving end, most commonly the distal/inferior part of a muscle.

Question 4

What allows for the connection of bone and muscle?

Answer 4

Tendon

Question 5

Describe the structure of tendons

Answer 5

Non-fleshy, fibrous, dense, regular connective tissue.

Question 6

What part of the bone are the fibres of the tendon usually embedded in?

Answer 6

Periosteum

Question 7

The anterior muscles of the abdominal oblique muscles are flat, thin and broad. What are these tendons known as?

Answer 7

Aponeurosis

Question 8

How do muscles exert their action?

Answer 8

Crossing/ spanning joint(s)

Question 9

Do muscles push or pull on bones?

Answer 9

Pull

Question 10

Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 10

Involuntary

Question 11

Is skeletal muscle involuntary or voluntary/.

Answer 11

Voluntary

Question 12

Is cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?

Answer 12

Involuntary

Question 13

Give an example of an appendicular muscle.

Answer 13

Deltoid

Question 14

Give an example of an axial muscle

Answer 14

Intercostal muscles
Obliques

Question 15

How many joints are crossed by the biceps brachii?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

Name the joints which the biceps brachii cross.

Answer 16

Glenohumeral
Elbow
Radialulnar

Question 17

Which bones are the tendons of the biceps attached?

Answer 17

Radius
Scapula

Question 18

What is the mechanism on action of the biceps?

Answer 18

Flexion

Question 19

How many joints do the triceps cross?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Name the joints crossed by the triceps

Answer 20

Glenohumeral
Elbow

Question 21

What is the function of the triceps?

Answer 21

Extension

Question 22

Name a muscle which has it’s tendon situated in the centre of the muscle.

Answer 22

Diaphragm w the central tendon

Question 23

What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm when we breathe in?

Answer 23

They descend to increase space for the lungs to expand

Question 24

Which muscles help maintain posture and what do they have to work against to do this?

Answer 24

Shoulder muscles and must work against gravity

Question 25

What is the function of the anterior muscles of the deltoid?

Answer 25

Flexion

Question 26

What is the function of the posterior muscles of the deltoid?

Answer 26

Extension

Question 27

What is the function of the middle muscles of the deltoid?

Answer 27

Abduction/adduction

Question 28

Where would you usually find smooth muscle?

Answer 28

Organs Blood vessels

Question 29

Which muscles are agonistic?

Answer 29

Muscles which contract

Question 30

Which muscles are antiagonistic?

Answer 30

Muscles which relax

Question 31

What do synergists do?

Answer 31

Stabilise muscle movements and control movement in a region which is safe and desired.

Question 32

What do stabilising muscles do?

Answer 32

Stabilise joints to reduce risks of dislocation

Question 33

What is meant by muscle atrophy?

Answer 33

Muscle wasting

Question 34

What is the function of intermuscular fascial septa?

Answer 34

Separate muscles into compartments

Question 35

Muscles in the same compartment have what in common?

Answer 35

Usually have the same nerve supply Usually have the same action

Question 36

What supplies all muscles in the arms and forearms??

Answer 36

Brachial plexus

Question 37

What supplies all the muscles in the thighs and legs?

Answer 37

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 38

Where does the brachial plexus originate?

Answer 38

C5-T1

Question 39

Where does the the lumbosacral plexus orginate?

Answer 39

L1-S4

Question 40

Which nerve supplies the upper limb?

Answer 40

Radial nerve

Question 41

What supplies muscle to the hands and fingers?

Answer 41

Median and ulnar nerves

Question 42

Which artery divides into the radial and ulnar artery?

Answer 42

Brachial artery

Question 43

What happens if the radial nerve is damaged?

Answer 43

Weaken function of wrist and finger extension might be lost.

Question 44

What can damage to the medial or ulnar nerve cause?

Answer 44

Can impact the flexion of the wrist

Question 45

How many muscle compartments are in the thigh?

Answer 45

3

Question 46

Which muscle extends the knee?

Answer 46

Quadriceps

Question 47

Which muscle helps with extension of the hip?

Answer 47

Gluteus maximus

Question 48

What is the function of the hamstring?

Answer 48

Flexes knee Extends hip

Question 49

Which nerve supplies the quads?

Answer 49

Femoral nerve

Question 50

What is the muscle of the abdomen?

Answer 50

Rectus abdominus

Question 51

What is the function of rectus abdominus muscles?

Answer 51

Flexion

Question 52

In which direction do the muscles of the rectus abdominus travel?

Answer 52

Vertically

Question 53

What shape in deltoid?

Answer 53

Triangular

Question 54

What shape is teres?

Answer 54

Rounded

Question 55

Describe sphincter muscles

Answer 55

Fibres arranged circularly and thickened around the wall of a structure, usually a tube

Question 56

What happens when the fibres of sphincter muscles contract?

Answer 56

They close off the diameter

Question 57

Give an example of a place you might find a sphincter muscle.

Answer 57

Anus Anal canal

Question 58

Which two bones does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach to inferiorly?

Answer 58

Clavicle Sternum

Question 59

Which bone does the sternocleidomastoid attach to superiorly?

Answer 59

Temporal bone

Question 60

Which muscle contain intercalated discs?

Answer 60

Cardiac mucle

Question 61

Which two muscle types are striated?

Answer 61

Cardiac Skeletal

Question 62

What is a motor unit?

Answer 62

Combination of motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates

Question 63

Which type of fibre is found in a motor unit?

Answer 63

Motor

Question 64

What structure is found in a motor unit?

Answer 64

Motor end plates