Bones Revised

Question 1

Name the point of attachement between axial and appendicuar skeleton.

Answer 1

Limb girdles

Question 2

What line the medullary canal?

Answer 2

Endosteum

Question 3

What is the function of a sesamoid bone??

Answer 3

Protects tendons and prevents excessive wear and tear.

Question 4

Name the two types of bone.

Answer 4

Cortical (compact)
Trabecular (spongy)

Question 5

Name the three parts of a long bone.

Answer 5

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

Question 6

What divides the epiphysis and metaphysis?

Answer 6

Epiphysial plate/

Question 7

What is the epiphysial plate made of?

Answer 7

Thin layer of cartilage

Question 8

What is another word for the shaft of a bone?

Answer 8

Diaphysis

Question 9

Which part of the bone contains the epiphyseal growth plate?

Answer 9

Metaphysis

Question 10

Name the large, smooth part of a bone which articulates with other bones.

Answer 10

Condyle

Question 11

Name the small, rough part of a bone which is an attachment for ligaments

Answer 11

Epicondyle

Question 12

What is compact bone composed of?

Answer 12

Haversian systems

Question 13

Name the type of fibrous connective tissue which surrounds bone.

Answer 13

Periosteum

Question 14

Which cells produce bone?

Answer 14

Osteoblasts

Question 15

What is an increase in bone width called?

Answer 15

Appositional growth

Question 16

What is an increase in bone length called?

Answer 16

Interstitial growth

Question 17

What gives rise to appositional bone growth?

Answer 17

Periosteum

Question 18

What gives rise to interstitial bone growth?

Answer 18

Epiphyseal growth plate

Question 19

What does it mean when the epiphyseal growth plate has fully disappeared?

Answer 19

Bone has completely ossified and reached adult size.

Question 20

Give three examples of structures which contain hyaline cartilage.

Answer 20

Ribs
Nose
Trachea

Question 21

Give two examples of structures which have fibrous cartilage.

Answer 21

Intervertebral discs
Some ligaments

Question 22

Give two examples of structures with elastic cartilage

Answer 22

External ear
Epiglottis

Question 23

Describe the function of a long bone.

Answer 23

Weight bearing and assists with movement

Question 24

Describe the short bones.

Answer 24

Cube shaped bones

Question 25

Describe the function of a flat bone.

Answer 25

Protection of organs

Question 26

Give an example of a long bone.

Answer 26

Femur Radius Ulna Tibia Fibula

Question 27

Give an example of a short bone.

Answer 27

Tarsals Carsals

Question 28

Give an example of a sesamoid bone.

Answer 28

Patella

Question 29

Give an example of an irregular bone

Answer 29

Vertebrae Pelvic bones

Question 30

Give an example of a flat bone.

Answer 30

Skull Ribs Sternum

Question 31

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 31

Resorb bone matrix.

Question 32

Where are osteoclasts found?

Answer 32

Surface of cells

Question 33

How are osteocytes formed?

Answer 33

When osteoblasts are surrounded by matrix.

Question 34

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

Answer 34

Minerals Protein (collagen) Water

Question 35

What occurs when bone resorption > formation?

Answer 35

Osteoporosis

Question 36

What occurs when there is an increase in resorption/formation?

Answer 36

Paget's Disease

Question 37

What occurs when there is an decrease in resorption?

Answer 37

Osteopetrosis

Question 38

What are Howship’s lacunae

Answer 38

Resorption pits

Question 39

Name the two types of ossification.

Answer 39

Endochondral Intramembranous

Question 40

Which type of ossification does not involve a cartilage model?

Answer 40

Intramembranous ossification

Question 41

Where is the primary ossification centre formed?

Answer 41

Diaphysis

Question 42

Which type of bone growth can occur in the adult?

Answer 42

Appositional ->Growth in width. Interstitial growth should have been completed by adulthood

Question 43

What is the function of bone?

Answer 43

1. Protection 2. Movement 3. Blood supply 4. Stores minerals

Question 44

How does bone help blood supply?

Answer 44

Red blood cells formed in red bone marrow

Question 45

Where would you find yellow bone marrow?

Answer 45

Medullary canal

Question 46

What kind of structure is compact bone organised in?

Answer 46

Circular structures (Haversian systems or osteons)

Question 47

What are hydroxyapatite crystals?

Answer 47

Complex form of calcium phosphate

Question 48

What does collagen provide bones with?

Answer 48

Some flexibility which reduces fractures

Question 49

Describe bone turnover.

Answer 49

Old/damaged bones are broken down by osteoclasts and replaced w new bone by osteoblasts.

Question 50

Which cells initiate calcification?

Answer 50

Osteoblasts

Question 51

What do canaliculi do within osteocytes?

Answer 51

Connect lacunae allowing communication within cells.

Question 52

What is bone mostly made of?

Answer 52

Type 1 collagen