CVS Embryology 2

Question 1

Name the first arteries to appear in the embryo

Answer 1

Right and left primitive aortae

Question 2

Name the two parts of each primitive aortae

Answer 2

Ventral part and dorsal part

Question 3

How is the aortic sac formed?

Answer 3

Fusion of the 2 ventral aortae

Question 4

Where do aortic branches arise from?

Answer 4

Aortic sac

Question 5

When do the aortic arches form?

Answer 5

Weeks 4-5

Question 6

How many pairs of aortic arches are formed?

Answer 6

6 pairs

Question 7

In which two ways can blood vessels develop?

Answer 7

Angiogenesis
Vasculogenesis

Question 8

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 8

The growth of new vessels from pre-existing blood vessels

Question 9

What is vasculogenesis?

Answer 9

The new formation of a primitive vascular network

Question 10

What happens to the 1st and 2nd aortic arches in adults?

Answer 10

They disappear

Question 11

What happens to the 3rd aortic arch in adults?

Answer 11

Forms the common carotid artery

Question 12

What happens to the 4th aortic arch in adults?

Answer 12

Forms the aortic arch

Question 13

What happens to the fifth aortic arch?

Answer 13

It disappears

Question 14

What happens to the right 6th aortic arch in adults?

Answer 14

Forms rightpulmonary artery

Question 15

What happens to the left 6th aortic arch?

Answer 15

Forms leftpulmonary artery.& ductus arteriosus

Question 16

What can a double aortic arch cause?

Answer 16

Difficulties breathing or swallowqing as can warp around the trachea/oesophagus

Question 17

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) associated with?

Answer 17

Rubella infection

Question 18

What is a cause of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?

Answer 18

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 19

What is coarction?

Answer 19

Narrowing of the aorta

Question 20

Which part of the aorta is coaction most common?

Answer 20

Arch of aorta

Question 21

What do the Vitelline vessels which supply yolk sac in the embryo become in an adult?

Answer 21

Gut vessels

Question 22

What do the Umbilical vessels which supply placenta become in an adult?

Answer 22

Internal iliac vessels

Question 23

What do the cardinal vessels become in an adult?

Answer 23

SVC
IVC

Question 24

When does the lymphatic system develop?

Answer 24

Week 6

Question 25

How many primary lymph sacs develop?

Answer 25

6

Question 26

Describe the shunt carried out by the ductus venosus.

Answer 26

Shunts blood in left umbilical vein into IVC: allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.

Question 27

Describe the shunt carried out by the foramen ovale.

Answer 27

Shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium: allows blood to bypass the lungs.

Question 28

Describe the shunt carried out by the ductus arteriosus.

Answer 28

Shunts blood from right ventricle and pulmonary arteries to aorta: allows blood to bypass the lungs.

Question 29

What does the ductus venosus become?

Answer 29

Ligamentum venosum of the liver

Question 30

What does the foramen ovale become?

Answer 30

Fossa Ovalis

Question 31

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

Answer 31

Ligamentum arteriosum between left pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 32

What do the umbilical arteries become?

Answer 32

Medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall