Anatomy Practice #2

Question 1

Which of the following describes the ultrasound appearance of an abnormal small bowel segment?

intraluminal and extraluminal fluid
bull’s eye appearance
5 layer of gut wall
color Doppler displayed with peristalsis

Answer 1

intraluminal and extraluminal fluid

Question 2

Which of the following vessels can be used to help locate the left adrenal gland?

splenic vein
distal SMA
RRV
celiac axis

Answer 2

splenic vein

Question 3

The testicles normally descend into the scrotum

7 days after birth
at the onset of puberty
in utero
by 1 year old

Answer 3

in utero (between 26 to 34 weeks)

Question 4

The GE junction is best seen in the ___ plane, anterior to the AO and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

longitudinal
coronal
transverse
radial

Answer 4

longitudinal

Question 5

The thyroid gland is considered normal size if the:

volume is <30mL
AP measurement is < 2cm
length measurement is < 4cm
width measurement is < 3cm

Answer 5

AP measurement is < 2cm

Question 6

Which of the following normally secretes large amounts of mucus?

pancreas
seminal vesicles
duodenum
bronchial alveoli

Answer 6

duodenum - secretes mucus to protect the small bowel from gastric acid

Question 7

The ___ is part of the prostate gland that is mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and makes up approximately ⅓ of the gland.

central zone
transitional zone
peripheral zone
fibromuscular region

Answer 7

fibromuscular region

Question 8

The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the small intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

mesocolon
lesser omentum
greater omentum
mesentery

Answer 8

mesentery

Question 9

Which muscle group is located posterior to the thyroid gland?

sternocleidomastoid
strap muscles
tracheal muscles
longus colli muscles

Answer 9

longus colli muscles

Question 10

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

release endorphins that aid in blood filtration
release enzymes that fight infection in the body
filter lymphatic fluid and protect the body from infection
filter blood and protect the body from infection

Answer 10

filter lymphatic fluid and protect infection in the body from infection

Question 11

Locate the ischium.

Answer 11

Question 12

Which scrotal artery supplies the epididymis?

deferential
centripetal
cremasteric
capsular

Answer 12

deferential

Question 13

Increased serum levels of ___ will reduce urine output and increase blood volume in the body.

aldosterone
ALP
thyroxine
bilirubin

Answer 13

aldosterone

Question 14

Which of the following retroperitoneal space contains the adrenal gland?

anterior pararenal space
retrofascial space
perirenal space
Glisson capsule

Answer 14

perirenal space

Question 15

The image demonstrates a TRV view of the wrist. Where is the center of the median nerve?

Answer 15

Question 16

Ascites can be identified in all of the following spaces/areas EXCEPT:

subhepatic space below the RLL
paracolic gutters
Morison pouch
between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver

Answer 16

between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver

the liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm in the bare area, fluid cannot accumulate there

Question 17

The ___ is formed at the junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

rete testes
ejaculatory duct
affent ducts
efferent ducts

Answer 17

ejaculatory duct

Question 18

Locate the triradiate cartilage.

Answer 18

Question 19

Which of the following is synthesized by the adrenal medulla?

aldosterone
androgens
epinephrine
cortisol

Answer 19

epinephrine

Question 20

Which blood vessel is located lateral to the left lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic ovoid shape in a TRV view of the mid thyroid?

LCCA
LECA
superior vena cava
left internal jugular vein

Answer 20

left internal jugular vein

Question 21

Where would the urethra normally be found in the image?

Answer 21

Question 22

The RCCA is a branch of which artery?

right vertebral artery
AO arch
innominate artery
right subclavian artery

Answer 22

innominate artery

Question 23

Pheochromocytoma, chromaffin cells and neurons in the CNS are responsible for the release of?

sodium bicarbonate
epinephrine
aldosterone
testosterone

Answer 23

epinephrine

Question 24

In infants and children, the superior vena cava, AO, and ___ are well visualized using the thymus as an acoustic window

RAs
pulmonary artery
IVC
distal carotid arteries

Answer 24

pulmonary artery

Question 25

Which of the following structures is not included in the spermatic cord? cremasteric artery gonadal artery vas deferens centripetal artery

Answer 25

centripetal artery - penetrate the testicular tissue

Question 26

Where is the longus colli muscle in the image?

Answer 26

Question 27

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the left adrenal gland? anterior to the pancreas tail lateral to the left diaphragm crura anterior to the IVC superolateral to the left kidney

Answer 27

lateral to the left diaphragm crura

Question 28

Which scrotal artery encircles the testicular periphery? cremasteric deferential capsular centripetal

Answer 28

capsular

Question 29

Where is the ilium in this image?

Answer 29

Question 30

The ___ gland is located under the mandible and is drained by the ___. submandibular, Stensen duct sublingual, Wharton submandibular, Wharton duct parotid, Stensen duct

Answer 30

submandibular, Wharton duct

Question 31

What is the term for a cone-like mass of normal thyroid tissue protruding superiorly from isthmus? pyramidal lobe early Graves' disease thyroglossal lobe hyperthyroidism

Answer 31

pyramidal lobe

Question 32

What abnormality involves the Hesselbach triangle? spigelian hernia direct inguinal hernia ventral hernia femoral hernia

Answer 32

direct inguinal hernia

Question 33

Calcitonin is produced by which of the following types of cells? parathyroid parafollicular parathyroid collicular thyroid parafollicular thyroid collicular

Answer 33

thyroid parafollicular

Question 34

Where is the labrum located in this image?

Answer 34

Question 35

The superior thyroidal artery is a branch of the ___. vertebral innominate ECA ICA

Answer 35

ECA

Question 36

A patient presents with a palpable round lump on the midline anterior neck about 2 cm below the jaw. The structure appears anechoic with thin, smooth walls on ultrasound. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the findings? nasopharyngeal duct cyst thyroglossal duct cyst pharngeal pouch cyst ectopic thyroid cyst

Answer 36

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 37

The fibromuscular stroma of the prostate is called the __ zone. peripheral transitional anterior central

Answer 37

anterior

Question 38

Locate the sternocleidomatoid muscle on the image

Answer 38

Question 39

Normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually measure less than ___ in length. 0.5cm 1cm 1.5cm 2cm

Answer 39

1cm

Question 40

Which structure is visualized posterior and medial to the left lobe of the thyroid gland? left longus coli muscle esophagus left omohyoid muscle left sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 40

esophagus

Question 41

The red dotted line separates what two zones of the prostate? peripheral and anterior fibromuscular transitional and peripheral central and transitional verumontanum and central

Answer 41

transitional and peripheral

Question 42

Which of the following is not a layer of the scrotal sac? detrusor muscle epitheial/skin dartos muscle tunica vaginalis

Answer 42

detrusor muscle - is located in the urinary bladder

Question 43

What portion of the GI tract is demonstrated on the image? duodenum stomach esophagus colon

Answer 43

colon

Question 44

When evaluating intratesticular flow, which vessel is sampled by Doppler? cremasteric centripetal deferential gonadal

Answer 44

centripetal. course through the parenchyma to deliver oxygenated blood to the testicular tissues

Question 45

Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal lymph node? round shape posterior enhancement thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum thick hypoechoic rim with hypervascularity

Answer 45

thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum

Question 46

An increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium resorption in the small intestines? TSH calcitonin T4 parathyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 46

parathyroid stimulating hormone

Question 47

On an ultrasound exam, the normal adrenal cortex appears: as an echogenic ring around the echogenic medulla as a hyperechoic ring around the hypoechpic medulla isoechoic to the medulla as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla

Answer 47

as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla

Question 48

Which two gut layers are normally hypoechoic on the ultrasound image? serosa, muscularis propia submucosa, muscularis propia serosa, superficial mucosa deep mucosa, muscularis propria

Answer 48

deep mucosa, muscularis propria

Question 49

Which of the following scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis? mediastinum testis efferent ducts seminiferous tubules vas deferens

Answer 49

efferent ducts

Question 50

What structure is indicated by the arrow? appendix teste cremasteric ligament centripetal liagment mediastinum testis

Answer 50

mediastinum testis

Question 51

What blood vessel are demonstrated on the cross section of the penis? dorsal arteries helicine arteris cavernosal arteries urethral arteries

Answer 51

cavernosal arteries

Question 52

A top normal thyroid isthmus measurement would be: 4cm 4mm 6mm 6cm

Answer 52

6mm

Question 53

The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the large intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels. mesentery mesocolon lesser omentum greater omentum

Answer 53

mesocolon

Question 54

Which muscle group is located anteromedial to the lobes of the thyroid gland? longus colli muscle strap muscles tracheal muscles sternocleidomastoid

Answer 54

strap muscles

Question 55

The normal epididymis is located: posterolateral to the testicle anterolateral to the testicle anteromedial to the testicle posteromedial to the testicle

Answer 55

posterolateral to the testicle

Question 56

The cardiac orifice is: the bare area of the liver that allows the HVs to pass through the opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach the opening in the diaphragm that allows the AO to pass through the opening in the diaphragm that allows the IVC to pass through

Answer 56

the opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach

Question 57

The ___ zone is the largest zone in the prostate. peripheral central paraprostatic transitional

Answer 57

peripheral

Question 58

Which muscle group is located anterolateral to the lobes of the thyroid gland? tracheal muscles longus colli muscles sternocleidomastoid strap muscles

Answer 58

sternocleidomastoid

Question 59

Which of the following lines the inside of the scrotal sac? visceral tunica vaginalis parietal tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea retes testis

Answer 59

parietal tunica vaginalis

Question 60

How many layers are identified in the normal sonographic "gut signature"? 6 3 8 5

Answer 60

5

Question 61

While scanning the thyroid, you identify a 0.6cm ovoid structure outside the thyroid, lateral to the left carotid artery. The structure has a thin hypoechoic rim surrounding a hyperechoic center. These findings are most suggestive of: thyroglossal duct cyst normal lymph node normal esophagus parathyroid carinoma

Answer 61

normal lymph nodes

Question 62

What is indicated by the yellow arrow? longus colli muscle esophagus trachea parathyroid adenoma

Answer 62

esophagus

Question 63

The internal jugular vein merges with what vein to form the brachiocephalic vein? brachial vein innominate vein subclavian vein common carotid artery

Answer 63

subclavian vein

Question 64

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the right adrenal gland? posterior to the IVC lateral to the RLL lateral to the left diaphragm crura anterior to the AO and SMA

Answer 64

posterior to the IVC

Question 65

The paracolic gutters: trap fluid in the pelvic area allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis are divided by the linea alba trap fluid in the lateral abdomen

Answer 65

allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis

Question 66

Which of the following correctly describes the findings on the image? there is loculated hydrocele present there is an extratesticular mass present there is an appendix teste present there is a scrotal pearl present

Answer 66

there is an appendix teste present

Question 67

Aside from the pancreas, what other organ producs amylase? liver adrenal glands salivary glands pituitary gland

Answer 67

salivary glands

Question 68

Which of the following structures is labeled #6? sternocleidomastoid muscle longus colli muscle strap muscle esophagus

Answer 68

longus colli muscle

Question 69

Normal wall thickness of distended small bowel is: < 3cm < 3mm < 7mm < 1cm

Answer 69

< 3mm

Question 70

The cremasteric artery and deferential artery supply blood to the: adrenal glands testicles stomach thyroid

Answer 70

testicles

Question 71

The appendix is normally identified: anterior to the terminal ileum and lateral to the iliac vessels originating from the sigmoid colon at the level of the inguinal ligament only in patients less than 150lbs posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels

Answer 71

posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels

Question 72

Which of the following connects the subphrenic space with Morison pouch? foramen of Morgagni foramen magnum epiploic foramen foramen of Luschka

Answer 72

epiploic foramen aka foramen of Winslow

Question 73

What is the name of the T4 hormone? thyroxine triiodthyronine TSH trypsin

Answer 73

thyroxine

Question 74

Which blood vessel is located lateral to the right lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic circular shape in a TRV view of the mid thyroid? superior vena cava LCCA right internal jugular vein RCCA

Answer 74

RCCA

Question 75

Where is the dartos muscle and fascia? scrotal sac abdominal wall urinary bladder cystic duct

Answer 75

scrotal sac

Question 76

The thyroid normally produces the most of which of the following hormones? T4 thyrotropin T3 TSH

Answer 76

T4

Question 77

The Achilles' tendon is normally less than ___ in diameter. 4mm 10mm 13mm 7mm

Answer 77

7mm

Question 78

Which of the following holds the psoas muscle? anterior pararenal space retrofascial space preirenal space none of the above

Answer 78

retrofascial space

Question 79

The structure indicated by the arrow is compose of: microvessels carrying venous blood loops of spermatic cord folds of tunica vaginalis folds of tunica albuginea

Answer 79

folds of tunica albuginea

Question 80

The functional unit of the thyroid gland is called: lobule follicle lobe nodule

Answer 80

follicle

Question 81

The inguinal ligament extends: from the linea alba to the anterior superior iliac spine from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle from the distal right oblique muscle to the distal left oblique muscle from the tip of the coccyx to the pubic tubercle

Answer 81

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 82

Which scrotal arteries penetrate the testicular parenchyma to supply oxygenated blood? capsular deferential centripetal cremasteric

Answer 82

centripetal

Question 83

The Eiffel tower sign on ultrasound refers to: duple kidney normal prostate lymphedenopathy PHTN

Answer 83

normal prostate

Question 84

The white arrow on the image indicates: central zone urethra urinary catheter air tract from biopsy

Answer 84

urethra

Question 85

The ___ gland is located anterior to the ear and is drained by the ___. submandibular, Stenson duct parotid, Stenson duct sublingual, Wharton duct submandibular, Wharton duct

Answer 85

parotid, Stenson duct

Question 86

The findings on the image are most suggestive of: enlarged seminal vesicle normal seminal vesicle normal sized prostate with echogenic appearance of the central sinus related to the hypoechoic outer cortex normal sized prostate with a corpora amylase

Answer 86

normal sized prostate with corpora amylase