Pancreas Flashcards by lindsay crouse

what results in a shortened main pancreatic duct that works to drain only the pancreatic head and not the entire pancreas?

pancreatic divisum
annular pancreas
acute pancreatitis
zollinger-ellison syndrome

pancreatic divisum

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all of the following are part of the exocrine function of the pancreas except for the production of:

lipase
glucagon
amylase
sodium bicarbonate

glucagon

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what is another name for the accessory duct of the pancreas?

duct of santorini
duct of langerhans
duct of oddi
duct of wirsung

duct of santorini

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which of the following results from the maldevelopment of the two embryologic events of the pancreas and consequent obstruction of the duodenum?

pancreatic divisum
annular pancreas
whipple syndrome
zollinger-ellison syndrome

annular pancreas

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which is associated with development of cysts within the pancreas?

ARPKD
von hippel-lindau disease
zollinger-ellison syndrome
ERCP

von hippel-lindau disease

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the most common form of malignancy of the pancreas is:

cystadenocarcinoma
islet cell tumors
cystadenoma
adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinoma

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the Whipple procedure is performed on patients who have:

chronic pancreatitis
acute pancreatitis
pancreatic carcinoma
pancreatic transplants

pancreatic carcinoma

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which is the enzyme released by the pancreas that neutralized stomach acid?

insulin
somatostatin
glycogen
sodium bicarbonate

sodium bicarbonate

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the most common location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is within the:

head of the pancreas
neck of the pancreas
body of the pancreas
tail of the pancreas

head of the pancreas

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which is a peripancreatic fluid collection that results from the inflammation of the pancreas?

pus
trypsin
phlegmon
chyme

phlegmon

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the most common location of focal pancreatitis is within the:

head of the pancreas
neck of the pancreas
body of the pancreas
tail of the pancreas

head of the pancreas

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all of the following are sonographic features of chronic pancreatitis EXCEPT:

dilated pancreatic duct
calcifications within the pancreas
pancreatic pseudocyst
diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

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which would be the least likely complication of a pancreatic transplant?

hematoma
biloma
ascites
urinoma

biloma

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all of the following are classic clinical features of acute pancreatitis EXCEPT:

leukocytosis
back pain
weight gain
fever

weight gain

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which lab value appears to be more specific for acute pancreatitis?

amylase
lipase
AST
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

lipase

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which type of pancreatic transplantation is more common?

exocrine enteric drainage
exocrine bladder drainage
endocrine bladder drainage
endocrine enteric drainage

exocrine enteric drainage

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one of the most common locations for a pancreatic pseudocyst is within the:

paracolic gutters
groin
spleen
lesser sac

lesser sac

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which would be the least likely cause of acute pancreatitis?

alcohol abuse
hepatitis
trauma
gallstones

hepatitis

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which is the most common islet cell tumor?

granulomas
garstrinoma
insulinoma
cystadenoma

insulinoma

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which lab finding elevates first in the presence of acute pancreatitis?

amylase
ALP
ALT
lipase

amylase

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courvoisier GB is found in the presence of:

hepatitis
cholecystitis and chronic pancreatitis
adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas
islet cell tumor in the tail of the pancreas

adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas

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a gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce:

ARPKD
von hippel-lindau disease
zollinger-ellison syndrome
hyperinsulinoma

zollinger-ellison syndrome

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the muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum is the:

sphincter of vater
sphincter of oddi
ampulla of vater
ampulla of oddi

sphincter of oddi

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what is the name of the main pancreatic duct?

duct of santorini
duct of langerhans
duct of oddi
duct of wirsung

duct of wirsung

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all of the following are clinical findings associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma EXCEPT: epigastric pain weight loss jaundice decrease amylase and lipase

decrease amylase and lipase

the portion of bowel that encompasses the head of the pancreas is the: duodenum jejunum ileum cecum

duodenum

which cells perform the exocrine function of the pancreas? whipple cells islets of langerhans delta cells acinar cells

acinar cells

the most common echogenicity of an acutely inflamed pancreas is anechoic hyperechoic hypoechoic calcified

hypoechoic

which would be the most likely vascular complication of acute pancreatitis? thrombosis of the splenic vein pseudoaneurysm of the SMA thrombosis of the MPV stenosis of the SMA

thrombosis of the splenic vein

the arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via the: SMA splenic artery gastroduodenal artery hepatic artery

gastroduodenal artery

one clinical sign of insulinoma is the presence of: hypoglycemia elevated AFP hepatitis zollinger-ellison syndrome

hypoglycemia

what is the early sonographic appearance of acute pancreatitis? calcifications within the gland pancreatic pseudocyst normal hyperechoic glandular echotexture

normal

Within which part of the pancreas are mucinous cystadenocarcinomas most often located? uncinate process and neck head and neck body and tail fundus of neck

body and tail

coexisting obstruction of the CBD and pancreatic duct may be referred to as the: double barrel shotgun sign courvoisier sign mirizzi sign double duct sign

double duct sign

the pancreas is an: intraperitoneal organ retroperitoneal organ

retroperitonal organ

which part of the pancreas is located right lateral to the SMV, anterior to IVC, and inferior to PV? head neck body tail

head

what vascular structure outlines the pancreatic tail posteriorly? SMA IMV portal confluence splenic vein

splenic vein

Which part of the pancreas is located anterior to the portal confluence? uncinate process pancreatic body pancreatic neck pancreatic tail

pancreatic neck

which hormone is released by the pancreas that encourages the body's use of glucagon? insulin somatosatin glycogen sodium bicarbonate

insulin

what letter represents the uncinate process? A B C D E

which letter represents the pancreatic tail? A B C D E

which letter represents the pancreatic body? A B C D E

how should you align the probe on the body to obtain a long-axis view of the head and body of the pancreas? obtain a midline oblique scan plane with the left side of the probe slightly cephalad compared to the right side of the probe obtain a midline transverse scan plane with the left side of the probe slightly caudad compared to the right side of the probe obtain an oblique scan plane to the right of midline, with the left side of the probe slightly cephalad compared to the right side of the probe obtain a midline sagittal scan plane with the probe angled toward the patient's right side obtain a sagittal scan plane with the left side of the probe slightly cephalad compared to the right side of the probe

obtain a midline transverse scan plane with the left side of the probe slightly caudad compared to the right side of the probe

what is the anatomic relationship of the CBD to the pancreas? CBD is posterior to the head of the pancreas CBD is anterior to the head of the pancreas CBD is medial to the head of the pancreas CBD is superior to the head of the pancreas CBD is lateral to the tail of the pancreas

CBD is posterior to the head of the pancreas

what structure can you use to identify the anterior aspect of the head of the pancreas? CBD CHD gastroduodenal artery splenic vein LRV

gastroduodenal artery

what structure can you use to identify the posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas? CBD CHD gastroduodenal artery splenic vein LRV

CBD

what structure can be seen coursing transversely at the level of the upper pancreatic head? CBD CHD gastroduodenal artery splenic vein LRV

gastroduodenal artery

A thin patient has been referred for ultrasound evaluation of the pancreas. Which transducer would be best for this exam? 2.25 MHz phased linear array 3.5 MHz curved linear array 5.0 MHz curved linear array 7.5 MHz small phased array 12 MHz linear array

5.0 MHz curved linear array

You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with a history of repeated bouts of pancreatitis. What would you most likely use color doppler for in this study? evaluate for increased flow in the pancreatic parenchyma improve detectability of possible pseudoaneurysms look for flow direction in the SMA assess the quality of flow in the abdominal aorta rule out thrombus in the IVC

improve detectability of possible pseudoaneurysms

During insonation of the pancreas, you notice a prominent vessel just posterior to the pancreatic neck. What vessel are you imaging? porta-splenic confluence IMV LRV SMA gastroduodenal artery

porta-splenic confluence

which part of the pancreas is least commonly visualized by ultrasound? head neck body tail

tail

what frequency transducer would most commonly be used for endoscopic ultrasound of the pancreas? 2.25 MHz 3.5 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 25 MHz

10 MHz

which of the following is a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer? smoking high fat diet diabetes chronic pancreatitis all of the above

all of the above

You are scanning a 52-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse. Ultrasound findings include a hyperechoic mass in the head of the pancreas, dilatation of the pancreatic and common bile duct, and diffuse calcification within the pancreas. Which of the following conditions is most likely present? acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis adenocarcinoma cystadenocarcinoma islet cell tumor

chronic pancreatitis it can be difficult to differentiate between chronic pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma when chronic pancreatitis presents as a focal mass or a pseudocyst accompanies adenocarcinoma. the presence of calcification within the pancreas implicates chronic pancreatitis.

which is the most accurate in staging pancreatic adenocarcinoma? ABD ultrasound endoscopic ultrasound CT MRI plain film x-ray

A patient has been referred to ultrasound to rule out the presence of pancreatic cancer. The cancer is most likely to be located in which part of the pancreas? head neck uncinate process body tail

head

what is the most common ultrasound appearance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma? hyperechoic mass hypoechoic mass cystic mass calcified mass complex mass with both cystic and solid components

hypoechoic mass

You are requested to perform an ultrasound on a patient to evaluate for complications of pancreatitis. What should you look for? pseudoaneurysm pseudocyst phlegmon abscess all of the above

all of the above

You have just discovered a pancreatic mass suspicious for adenocarcinoma in a patient with weight loss and abdominal pain. What associated findings should you look for? A. lymphadenopathy B. liver metastasis C PV aneurysm D. aortic aneurysm A and B

A and B

You are scanning a patient with increased pancreatic enzymes and WBC count. Which condition is most commonly associated with these lab findings? acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis adenocarcinoma of the pancreas islet cell tumor metastasis to the pancreas

acute pancreatitis

You are scanning a patient with a history of alcohol abuse and liver cirrhosis. The pancreatic tissue is heterogenous. Calcifications and dilation of the pancreatic duct is present. Which condition is most likely considering this history and findings? acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis adenocarcinoma of the pancreas islet cell tumor metastasis to the pancreas

chronic pancreatitis

You have been asked to perform an ultrasound study on a patient with a pancreatic transplant. What chronic condition does this patient probably have? crohn's disease chronic pancreatitis lymphoma type I diabetes mellitus lupus

type I diabetes mellitus

where should you look for a pancreas on a patient with a pancreatic transplant? pouch of douglas morison's pouch LUQ iliac fossa epigatrium

iliac fossa

Which would be an indicator of pancreatic transplant rejection? A. high resistance doppler signals B. low resistance doppler signals C. heterogenous parenchyma A and C B and C

A and C

a noncapsulated collection of necrotic and edematous peripancreatic tissues is termed: phlegmon pseudocyst pseudoaneurysm ascites cystadenoma

phlegmon

what is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? obstruction of the pancreatic duct by biliary calculi pancreatic divisum alcohol abuse trauma crohn's disease

obstruction of the pancreatic duct by biliary calculi

Surgery has requested ultrasound guidance to expose an insulinoma. What transducer would be best for this application? 2.25 MHz curved array 3.5 MHz curved array 5.0 MHz curved array 7.0 MHz curved array 10 MHz linear array

10 MHz linear array

You have documented the presence of a pseudocyst adjacent to the pancreatic head in a 56 year old male. Pseudocysts may be associated with which of the following? acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis pancreatic cancer A and B only all of the above

all of the above

what is the relationship of the SMA to the pancreas? posterior to the tail posterior to the neck superior to the body cephalad to the head lateral to the tail

posterior to the neck

what is the ultrasound appearance of a pancreatic pseudocyst? cyst without internal echoes cyst with low level echoes cyst with internal separations well defined wall all of the above

all of the above

You are performing an ultrasound on an obese patient and notice a small, hypoechoic tumor located in the tail of the pancreas. This most likely represents: adenocarcinoma cystadenocarcinoma insulinoma klatskin tumor pancreatoblastoma

insulinoma

which vessel is located at the superior border of the pancreas? SMA celiac trunk LRV RRA IMA

celiac trunk

when imaging the pancreas, which vessel do you routinely image that courses anterior to the uncinate process? IMV SMV gastroduodenal artery LRV splenic artery

SMV

when imaging the pancreas, which vessel do you routinely visualize at the posterior border of the pancreatic head? abdominal AO RRA SMA SMV IVC

IVC

You have obtained a SAG image of the pancreatic head and detect a small, tubular structure coursing cephalocaudad anterior to the pancreas. What is this structure? CBD SMA CHA gastroduodenal artery left gastric artery

gastroduodenal artery

what structure is labeled E? SMA gastroduodenal artery CBD CHD left gastric artery

SMA

what part of the pancreas is anterior to the vessel labeled E? head uncinate process neck body tail

body

what vessel is seen posterior to the vessel labeled D? IVC abdominal AO RRA IMV splenic vein

abdominal AO

what part of the pancreas is NOT demonstrated in this image? head neck body tail A and B

tail

which part of the pancreas generally has the largest dimensions? head neck body tail uncinate process

head

what is the normal echogenicity of the normal pancreas? either isoechoic or hyperechoic compared to the liver always hypoechoic compared to the liver always hyperechoic compared to the liver always isoechoic compared to the liver pancreatic echogenicity should never be compared to the liver

either isoechoic or hyperechoic compared to the liver

the tail of the pancreas is in contact with which of the following structures? A. left kidney B. splenic flexure of the colon C. spleen A and C only all of the above

all of the above

Pancreas Flashcards

(82 cards)