Male Pelvis Flashcards by lindsay crouse

Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord?

epididymis
testicular artery
cremaster muscle
lymph nodes

epididymis

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What is the most common malignancy of the testicles?

embryonal cell carcinoma
seminoma
choriocarcinoma
spermatocele

seminoma

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Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

left-sided location
right-sided location
hepatomegaly
renal mass

left-sided location

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The most common location of BPH is the:

peripheral zone
transitional zone
central zone
verumontanum

transitional zone

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During a sonographic examination of the right testis, you visualize multiple small cysts located along the mediastinum testis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

epididymitis
tubular ectasia of the rete testis
multiple spermatoceles
epidermoid cyst

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

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Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by:

prostatitis
prostate cancer
BPH
klinefelter syndrome

BPH

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Which of the following is a benign intratesticular mass that typically has a whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance?

seminoma
teratoma
epidermoid cyst
adrenal rest

epidermoid cyst

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Which of the following best describes a spermatocele?

the most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum
a benign intratesticular cyst
a cyst found within the head of the epididymis
a dilated group of veins found within the scrotum

a cyst found within the head of the epididymis

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A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum is called a:

varicocele
spermatocele
seminoma
hydrocele

varicocele

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Which of the following would likely resemble a solid intratesticular mass and be associated with Cushing syndrome?

choriocarcinoma
epidermoid cyst
intratesticular varicocele
adrenal rest

adrenal rest

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Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

left-sided location
retroperitoneal mass
infertility
palpable extratesticular mass

retroperitoneal mass

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A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:

epididymal cyst
tunica albuginea cyst
spermatocele
seminoma

spermatocele

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What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves within the pampiniform plexus?

testicular carcinoma
testicular microlithiasis
testicular torsion
varicocele

varicocele

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What lab value can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy?

serum bilirubin
amylase
AFP
adrenocorticotropic hormone

AFP

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The blue dot sign is indicative of:

testicular torsion
epididymitis
orchitis
torsion of the testicular appendage

torsion of the testicular appendage

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A 23 year old man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. Which of the following is associated with male infertility?

spermatocele
choriocarcinoma
varicocele
hydrocele

varicocele

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Which of the following houses the male urethra?

corpus spongiosum
buck fascia
bulbourethral gland
corpus cavernosum

corpus spongiosum

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All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage EXCEPT:

no intratesticular flow
small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis
reactive hydrocele
scrotal wall thickening

no intratesticular flow

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What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

varicocele
chlamydia
hydrocele
testicular torsion

varicocele

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A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a:

hematocele
hydrocele
varicocele
spermatocele

hydrocele

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What is the most common malignancy of the penis?

cystadenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma
follicular carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

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A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

squamous cell carcinoma
peyronie disease
tinner syndrome
testicular fracture

peyronie disease

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The exocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

testosterone
human chorionic gonadotropin
AFP
sperm

sperm

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The most common location of a hydrocele is:

superior to the testis
within the scrotal wall
between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
between the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

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Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with: testicular carcinoma hydrocele testicular trauma testicular torsion

testicular torsion

A 7 year old boy presents to the ER with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is the most likely diagnosis? testicular torsion hydrocele torsion of the testicular appendage yolk sac tumor

torsion of the testicular appendage

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and ___ prostate cancer seminoma bulbourethral stones seminal vesicle cysts

seminal vesicle cysts

Dilated veins of the varicocele will measure: > 8mm > 4mm < 2mm > 2mm

> 2mm

The lack of the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as: Klinefelter syndrome blue dot sign bell-clapper deformity cryptorchidism

bell-clapper deformity

Which of the following techniques is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele? valsalva maneuver sitting position pulsed Doppler right lateral decubitus position

valsalva maneuver

The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce: testosterone human chorionic gonadotropin AFP sperm

testosterone

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion EXCEPT: hyperemic flow within the testis hypoechoic testis reactive hydrocele decreased intratesticular flow

hyperemic flow within the testis

Spermatogenesis occurs within the: tunica albuginea rete testis mediastinum testis seminiferous tubules

seminiferous tubules

You have been asked to perform a study to rule out cryptorchidism. The term cryptorchidism denotes: one or both of the testicles have a malignancy that the testicle has torsed one or both of the testicles have not descended into the scrotum the patient has been kicked in the scrotum

one or both of the testicles have not descended into the scrotum

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the: yolk sac tumor embryonal cell carcinoma seminoma teratoma

seminoma

The most common location of a varicocele is: the right side of the scortum the left side of the scrotum the inguinal canal within the testis

the LEFT side of the scrotum

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the: peripheral zone transitional zone central zone verumontanum

peripheral zone

Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic features of testicular abscess? hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within it onion skin sonographic appearance and hyperemic epididymis hyperemic flow within an anechoic mass hyperemic flow within the abscess but not around it

hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within in

What is the most common cancer found in men? testicular cancer lung cancer liver cancer prostate cancer

prostate cancer

What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma? hyperechoic anechoic heterogenous with calcifications hypoechoic

hypoechoic

The mediastinum testis is identified sonographically as: A .hypoechoic structure coursing through the midline of the testis B. pyramid-shaped structure adjacent to the upper pole of the testis C. prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis D. homogenous ovoid structure adjacent to the lower pole of the testis E. cystic, spherical structure of variable location

C. prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis

Which of the following conditions would show hyperemic flow on color Doppler? testicular torsion spermatocele orchitis hydrocele infarction

orchitis

A large complex hydrocele is most commonly associated with which of the following? seminoma epididymal cyst varicocele orchitis infarction

orchitis

You are performing an ultrasound of a patient with a known "bell clapper" deformity. This deformity is associated with which condition? seminoma torsion varicocele epididymitis infarction

torsion

The capsular artery of the testis is a branch of what artery? deferential abdominal AO cremasteric testicular internal iliac

testicular

The testicular artery is a branch of what artery? deferential abdominal AO internal iliac external iliac left renal

abdominal AO

You are performing a Doppler evaluation of the testis. Which of the following describes the waveform you will see within an artery of the testicular parenchyma if the testis is normal? high resistance bidirectional phasic low resistance continuous

low resistance

You are performing Doppler analysis of the spermatic cord. Which of the following arteries or structures is found within the spermatic cord? vas deferens testicular artery cremasteric artery deferential artery all of the abobve

all of the above

The intratesticular arteries that arise from the capsular artery are known as: deferential arteries cremasteric arteries vas deferens centripetal arteries pampiniform plexus

centripetal arteries

The left testicular vein drains into what vein? left renal vein inferior vena cava epigastric vein internal iliac vein external iliac vein

left renal vein

You are performing an ultrasound exam on an adolescent male to rule out testicular torsion. How should you adjust the system color Doppler parameters to achieve the greatest sensitivity to slow flow? high PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size low PRF, low filter, high gain, low packet size high PRF, high filter, high gain, high packet size low PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size low PRF, low filter, low gain, low packet size

low PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size

You are performing an ultrasound study on a 27 year old male with scrotal pain to rule out epididymo-orchitis vs torsion. Which finding below is most consistent with epididymitis? absence of flow by color Doppler increased flow by color Doppler small cyst in the epididymal head small calcification in the epididymal head multiple tiny calcifications throughout the testis

increased flow by color Doppler

A 33 year old male has been referred for a scrotal ultrasound as a part of an infertility work up. You will tailor your exam to include an evaluation for which of the following? epididymal cyst torsion of the appendix testis varicocele testicular artery aneurysm testicular cyst

varicocele

Which of the following arteries shows a low-resistance waveform? testicular artery deferential artery cremasteric artery external iliac artery all of the above

testicular artery

Which of the following arteries courses within the testicular parenchyma? testicular artery deferential artery cremasteric artery centripetal artery all of above

centripetal artery

You detect a mass within the left testis on a 43 year old male. Which of the following is a sign indicative of malignancy? A. irregular shape of the testis B. intratesticular location of mass C. presence of a large hydrocele D. all of the above E. A and B only

A and B only

In performing scrotal sonography, you should tailor your exam to include color Doppler analysis in which of the following conditions? A. epididymitis B. torsion C. testicular microlithiasis D. A and B only E. all of the above

A and B only

You have detected an intratesticular mass in a patient with mild scrotal swelling. Which of the following is an ultrasound feature of seminoma you should look for? hyperechoic intratesticular lesions ill-defined tumor borders large hydrocele all of the above none of the above

none of the above

You are imaging a patient presenting with trauma, pain, and scrotal swelling. You detect a large hydrocele with prominent internal echoes. This most likely represents: pyocele simple hydrocele varicocele hematocele hernia

hematocele most likely associated with trauma

You have detected a transtesticular artery during scrotal sonography. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this finding? it is a common anatomic variant it courses in the opposite direction if the centripetal arteries it enters the testicular parenchyma at the mediastinum testis a large vein frequently accompanied it all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following would NOT be associated with orchitis? hypoechoic testis hyperemic testicular flow enlargement of testis thickened scrotal wall microlithiasis

microlithiasis

You are performing a scrotal ultrasound on a 21 year old male with acute scrotal pain. You do NOT detect flow with color Doppler in the painful testis. This finding is most consistent with which of the following? torsion orchitis microlithiasis seminoma none of the above

torsion

Which structure would you image posterior to the prostate gland? urinary bladder pubic bones levator ani muscles rectum urethra

rectum

You have been asked to identify the seminal vesicles. What is their anatomic relation to the prostate gland? posterior and inferior anterior and inferior anterior and superior posterior and superior medial

posterior and superior

Which of the following describes the most common patient positioning for performance of a transrectal prostate ultrasound? supine left lateral decubitus right oblique supine reverse Trendelenberg position standing

left lateral decubitus

What lab test is most helpful in screening patients for prostate cancer? prostate specific antigen serum alpha-fetoprotein serum bilirubin prostate cancer detection factor prostate temperature

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

What are the most common patient symptoms of prostatism? nausea, painful urination, and pressure sensation on the urinary bladder weight loss, nocturia, hematuria, and small stream difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia, and small stream hematuria, dysuria, and nocturia swelling, lethargy, dysuria, and nocturia

difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia, and small stream

Which of the following is an indication for transrectal ultrasound of the prostate? abnormal digital rectal exam abnormal lab test results indicative of prostate cancer guidance for directed sonographic biopsy monitor response to treatment of prostate cancer all of the above

all of the above

What is the role of color Doppler during transrectal prostate sonography? color Doppler has not been shown to be helpful during prostate sonography color Doppler allows improved perception of pathological vessels associated with cancer increased color Doppler signals are diagnostic of chronic prostatitis absence of flow with color Doppler is indicative of benign prostatic hypertrophy increased color Doppler signals in the seminal vesicles indicate the presence of seminal vesicles cysts

color Doppler allows improved perception of pathological vessels associated with cancer

What is the sonographic appearance of prostate cancer? hypoechoic lesions isoechoic lesions hyperechoic lesions only A and B all of the above

all of the above

You are aiding a physician in a transrectal biopsy of the prostate. What patient preparation is required? no prep is required a cleansing enema immediately prior to the procedure antibiotics are administered prior to and following the exam nothing to eat or drink 12hrs prior to the procedure B and C only

B and C only

Which anatomic classification is most commonly used to describe the prostate during sonographic evaluation? lobar anatomy microscopic anatomy zonal anatomy topographic anatomy all of the above

zonal anatomy

The prostaticovesical arteries that supply the prostate are branches from which artery? abdominal AO internal iliac external iliac inferior mesenteric superior mesenteric

internal iliac

Which of the following describes the most widely used conventional display of the prostate using transrectal sonography? the anterior abdominal wall is shown at the bottom of the screen the rectum is shown at the bottom of the screen the rectum is shown to the right of the screen in a SAG view the left side of the patient is shown on the left side of the image in a TRV plane the head of the patient is on the right side of the image in a SAG plane

the rectum is shown at the bottom of the screen

You are performing a transrectal prostate ultrasound in a SAG plane. The most lateral images of the gland show which tissue? transitional zone central zone periurethral area peripheral zone fibromuscular stromatolites

peripheral zone

You have been asked to perform a transrectal prostate ultrasound exam. What frequency transducer is best suited for this study? 2-3 MHz 3-4 MHz 4-5 MHz 5-6 MHz 7-8 MHz

7-8 MHz

Which of the following describes the most common appearance of the seminal vesicles by transrectal prostate sonography? hyperechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures hyperechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures hyperechoic, asymmetrical, irregular shaped structures hypoechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures

hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structure

You have been requested to perform a transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in a patient with suspected BPH. What is the ultrasound appearance of this condition? small, shrunken prostate gland with numerous calcifications small prostate gland with increased vascularity and hypoechoic nodules enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal enlargement of the peripheral zone with sparing of the inner gland all of the above

enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal

You are performing a prostate ultrasound on a patient having infertility work-up. Which cyst may be associated with infertility? müllerian duct cyst prostatic utricle cyst retention cyst ejaculatory duct cyst seminal vesicular cyst

ejaculatory duct cyst

You are performing a transrectal ultrasound in a patient with acute prostatitis. An anechoic mass is seen within the prostate. This most likely represents: prostate utricle cyst abscess hematoma lymphocele seroma

abscess

You have been asked to perform a transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in a patient with metastasis of unknown origin. What are you looking for? BPH ejaculatory duct cyst prostatic abscess prostate cancer prostatitis

prostate cancer

Male Pelvis Flashcards

(81 cards)