Anatomy Practice #3 Flashcards by lindsay crouse

The cup-like or funnel shaped extensions of the renal sinus that originate at the papilla and collect urine that is coursing toward the renal pelvis:

pyramids
cortex
minor calyces
major calyces

minor calyces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The splenic artery courses across the ___ surface of the pancreas

anterior inferior
posterior superior
posterior inferior
none of the above

posterior superior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A patient presents with increased red and white blood cell count on urinalysis. These clinical and imaging findings are most suggestive of:

cystitis
TCC
bladder hematoma
neurogenic bladder

cystitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vessel is indicated by #4?

splenic artery
SMA
celiac trunk
hepatic artery

hepatic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ___ arteries are the vessels that course between the renal pyramids.

interlobar
segmental
arcuate
lobular

interlobar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When resistance in the distal vascular bed decreases, what happens to the RI?

no change unless collateral vessels present
decreases
increases
no change

decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following structures lies posterior to the diaphragm crura?

IVC
AO
celiac axis
AO and IVC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What renal structure/region is being measured on the image?

renal parenchyma, abnormally thinned
renal parenchyma, normal thickness
renal pyramid bed, normal thickness
renal sinus, normal thickness

renal parenchyma, normal thickness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The LRV courses laterally from the left kidney to the IVC by traveling:

posterior to the RRA
posterior to the AO and RRA
anterior to the AO and posterior to the SMA
anterior to both the AO and SMA

anterior to the AO and posterior to the SMA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The IMV empties into the:

SMV
left gastric vein
splenic vein
MPV

splenic vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ___ arteries are the vessels that course perpendicular to the renal capsule within the outer renal parenchyma.

interlobar
segmental
arcuate
interlobular

interlobular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the distal CBD located on this image

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structure/vessel is indicated by #4?

SMA
AO
IVC
SMV
LRV

SMA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What renal structure/region is indicated by #2?

major calyx mid pole
major calyx lower pole
major calyx upper pole
renal pyramid

major calyx upper pole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The celiac axis originates from the ___, ___, to the body of the pancreas.

AO, superior
PV, inferior
AO, inferior
SMA, superior

AO, superior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is indicated by the X on the image?

psoas muscle
complicated ascites
adrenal gland
rectus abdominis muscle

psoas muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not a required part of an ultrasound evaluation for a suspected AAA?

assess location in relationship to the RAs

evaluate the AP and width measurements of the true and false lumen if thrombus is present

evaluate flow in both internal iliac arteries

evaluate the length of the affected segment

evaluate flow in both internal iliac arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structure/vessel is indicated by #10?

LRA
LRV
RRV
RRA

LRV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The image is a TRV view of the midline abdomen. What structure/vessel is indicated by #1?

RRA
AO
RRV
IVC

IVC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following would be used to describe the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?

mottled appearance
lobulated borders
prominent internal vascularity
heterogeneous echotexture

prominent internal vascularity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the HA in this image?

This image demonstrates the AO, SMA, and LRV

celiac axis and it’s branches
SMA is anterior to AO

HA is not visualized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structure/vessel is indicated by #9?

IVC
AO
SMA
spine

IVC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The kidneys release renin to stimulate the release of:

anti-diuretic hormone to counteract low blood pressure

angiotensin to counteract high blood pressure

anti-diuretic hormone to counteract high blood pressure

angiotensin to counteract low blood pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The AO bifurcates:

3-5cm below the umbilicus
at the level of the L4 vertebral body
at the level of the sacrum
3-5cm
below the SMA origin

the AO bifurcates into the RCIA and LCIA at the level of L3-L4 vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The white arrows on the image indicate perinephric fat Morison pouch subcapsular hematoma psoas muscle

perinephric fat (note the medium gray, mottled echogenicity of the fat)

What vessel can be used to differentiate the LRV and splenic vein on the ultrasound exam? LRA RRA SMA SMV

SMA LRV is posterior to the SMA splenic vein is anterior to SMA

Which of the following corresponds with #4 on the image? splenic vein IVC SMV LRV

splenic vein

The renal arteries branch from the AO just below the origin of the ____. gonadal arteries SMA IMA celiac axis

SMA

The LCCA is a branch of which artery? left innominate artery AO arch left vertebral artery left subclavian artery

AO arch

When trying to distinguish free fluid in the abdomen from the IVC, which of the following is true? the IVC will not demonstrate respiratory changes in diameter, while fluid pocket size/shape will vary respiration color Doppler is an effective tool in differentiating the IVC from free fluid the IVC will demonstrate respiratory changes in diameter, while fluid pocket size/shape will not vary respiration the intrabdominal fluid is most commonly seen on the left side of the abdomen and the IVC is located on the right side of the abdomen

Color Doppler is an effective tool in differentiating the IVC from free fluid both IVC and fluid pockets vary in size with respiration

Applying color Doppler to the distended urinary bladder identifies two ureteral jets at the trigone of the bladder that are directed toward the opposing sides of the bladder. The color demonstrates the flow from the two ureters as an "X" within the bladder lumen. Which of the following statements best characterizes these findings? this is a normal finding bilateral posterior urethral valves are most likely present the ureters are abnormally inserted into the bladder causing eccentric ureteral jet formation the patient most likely has cystitis with ureteral inflammation leading to eccentric urine jet formation

this is a normal finding

While imaging the long axis of LRV, you identify an anterior, somewhat parallel vessel that demonstrates flow moving in the same direction. What vessel is this? IVC SMV splenic vein splenic artery

splenic vein

Which structure is most posterior at the renal hilum? ureter vein artery

vein = anterior artery = middle ureter = posterior

The image is a TRV view of the midline abdomen. What structure/vessel is indicated by #3? LRV RRA RRV LRA

RRA

Where is the LRA in this image?

Which structure is most anterior at the renal hilum? ureter vein artery

vein = anterior artery = middle ureter = posterior

What vessel is indicated by #2? splenic artery celiac trunk hepatic artery SMA

celiac trunk

Which of the following vessels is not directly connected to the IVC? right suprarenal vein right gonadal vein left gonadal vein RRV

left gonadal vein

On a longitudinal scan, this vessel is seen in cross section posterior to the IVC RRA RRV LRA LRV

RRA

The spleen produces ___ and their main function is to control antibodies and prevent infection. amylase aldosterone platelets leukocytes

leukocytes

Billroth cords in the red pulp of the spleen are responsible for ___ destruction. Malpighian corpuscles in the white pulp or the spleen are responsible for ___ production. lymphocytes, RBC platelets, lyphocyte RBC, lymphocyte lymphocyte, platelet

RBC, lymphocyte

The psoas muscle is ___ to the kidney anterolateral posteromedial posterolateral anteromedial

posteromedial

The renal medulla contains ___ pyramids in an average adult kidney 12-24 8-18 1-5 3-10

8-18

Which of the following is responsible for extramedullary hematopoiesis? kidneys spleen thyroid gallbladder

spleen

This vessel arises from the anterior AO and courses inferiorly, parallel to the AO SMV common hepatic artery splenic artery SMA

SMA

The ___ arteries are the vessels that course parallel to the renal capsule within the parenchyma. segmental interlobular lobular arcuate

arcuate

____ is being measured by the calipers because ___ is suspected from findings seen on the image. the diameter of the LRV, Nutcracker syndrome pyloric channel, pyloric stenosis the diameter of the LRA, renal artery stenosis the diameter of the RRA, renal artery stenosis

the diameter of the LRV, Nutcracker syndrome

What vessel is indicated by the red arrow? LRV RRA RRV LRA

RRA - courses posterior to the IVC to reach the right kidney

Which of the following corresponds with #3 on the image? SMA RRV LRV AO

LRV

Where is the SMV on this image?

What structure/vessel is indicated by #2? IVC celiac axis mid AO prox AO SMA

SMA

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between the normal waveform in the RA and the external iliac artery? the RA flow is triphasic and the EIA demonstrates monophasic flow the RA flow is high resistance and the EIA demonstrates low resistance flow the RA flow is monophasic and the EIA demonstrates triphasic flow the RA flow is laminar and the EIA demonstrates nonlaminar flow

the RA flow is monophasic and the EIA demonstrates triphasic flow

The SMA originates from the AO approximately ___ below the celiac axis and posterior to the ___. 2-3cm, stomach and duodenum 1-2cm, body of the pancreas 2-3cm, body of the pancreas 2-2cm, stomach and duodenum

1-2cm, body of the pancreas

Which of the following is a part of the renal parenchyma? minor calyces pyramids segmental arteries major calyces

pyramids

In most patients, the proper hepatic artery bifurcates into the right and left hepatic arteries. In about 10% of patients, the right hepatic artery originates from the ___ and the left hepatic artery originates from the ___. celiac axis, coronary artery SMA, left gastric artery LRA, RRA splenic artery, common hepatic artery

SMA, left gastric artery

A retrorenal spleen is an important consideration when planning: the point of entry for a paracentesis a left renal biopsy AAA repair treatment for PHTN

a left renal biopsy a renal biopsy is usually performed with the patient in prone position, if a portion of the spleen is posterior to the kidney it could be inadvertently hit by the biopsy needle

The left renal vein passes ___ to the AO to enter the medial aspect of the IVC. posterior superior anterior cephalad

Where is the GE junction on this image?

Where is the SMA in this image?

The major branches of the celiac axis are: left gastric, splenic, common hepatic artery hepatic, gastroduodenal artery, splenic left gastric, common hepatic artery, gastroduodenal artery left gastric, SMA, gastroduodenal artery

left gastric, splenic, common hepatic artery

The round anechoic structures in the renal parenchyma indicate: acquired cystic disease multicystic kidney disease ADPKD normal medullary pyramids

normal medullary pyramids

Autoregulation of the systemic blood pressure refers to: the release of epinephrine to cause constriction of the convoluted tubules the renin-angiotensin system that controls the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys and systemic BP level the renin-angiotensin system that controls the level of construction of the convoluted tubules the release of norepinephrine to cause constriction of the convoluted tubules

the renin-angiotensin system that controls the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys and systemic BP level

The diameter of the normal abdominal AO is greatest at the level of the: iliac bifurcation celiac SMA renal arteries

celiac AO diameter is greatest at the level of its origin, the celiac axis is the most superior branch

A 3 year old presents for a renal scan, complaining of left sided pain. No renal abnormality was identified on the exam but a common anatomical variant was identified. What is the term for a single cortical bulge off of the lateral border of the left kidney? dromedary hump column of bertin fetal lobulation cortical hyperplasia

dromedary hump

The quadratus lumborum muscle is ___ to the kidney. medial lateral posterior anterior

posterior

The term "splanchnic arteries" describes which of the following vessels? celiac, SMA, IMA hepatic, renal, splenic, celiac arteries renal, suprarenal, splenic, gastric arteries all arterial branches of the abdominal AO from the diaphragm to the umbilicus

celiac, SMA and IMA

The fibrous capsule surrounding the kidneys, fat, and adrenal glands is referred to as: Glisson fascia Gerota fascia peritoneum Glisson capsule

Gerota fascia

How is the renal cortex measured correctly? calipers are placed on the peak of the pyramid to the outer edged of the parenchyma cortical thickness should be measured in the TRV view of the kidney cortical thickness is always reported from just the right kidney because it is typically thicker than the left kidney calipers are placed on the base of the pyramid to the outer edge of the parenchyma

calipers are placed on the base of the pyramid to the outer edge of the parenchyma should be measured in the longitudinal view

Where is the IVC in this image?

A prior CT report for your current patient states there is possible thrombus in the ovarian vein but does not identify which one. The longitudinal image of the IVC is from the US exam, which ovarian vein is thombosed? medial right left lateral

right

The renal arteries arise from the lateral walls of the AO ____. at the level of the SMA origin 1-2cm above the SMA origin 2-3cm below the SMA origin 2-3cm below the IMA origin

2-3cm below the SMA origin

A patient presents with a history of renal calculi. The image displayed is from the area of pain in the LLQ. What is indicated by the green arrow? iliac vein iliac artery inguinal ligament dilated ureter

iliac artery

The loops of Henle are located in which portion of the kidney: pyramids medulla cortex sinus

medulla

The renal cortex contains which of the following: loops of Henle calyces pyramids Bowman capsule

Bowman capsule

The image is a TRV view of the midline abdomen. What structure/vessel is indicated by #4? RRV LRA RRA LRV

LRV

What vessel is indicated by #1? celiac trunk HA splenic artery SMA

splenic artery

A thickened area of normal renal parenchyma between 2 pyramids is called: dromedary hump duplicated collecting system fetal lobulation column of Bertin

column of Bertin

The splenic vein is located: posterior to the PV anterior to SMA anterior to the pancreas posterior to the SMA

anterior to the SMA

What structure/vessel is indicated by #11? RRV RRA LRA LRV

RRV

Dehydration can be caused by reduced levels of ___ in the blood. anti-diuretic hormone epinephrine cortisol bilirubin

anti-diuretic hormone

Measurements of the bladder wall thickness should normally be no more than ___ when fully distended and no more than ___ when nearly empty. 3mm, 5mm 5mm, 3mm 5mm, 8mm 0.5cm, 1.0cm

3mm, 5mm

Which vessel is seen coursing laterally, posterior to the IVC? IMV LRA SMV RRA

RRA

Which of the following corresponds with #2 on the image? AO SMA spine IVC

The spleen's normal echotexture is: homogenous throughout homogeneous with portal echoes seen throughout mildly inhomogeneous homogenous and hyperechoic compared to the sinus of the left kidney

homogenous throughout

The proximal SMV is normally located ___ the proximal SMA in the abdomen. to the right of to the left of posterior to superior to

to the right of

Which of the following corresponds with #1 on the image? LRV AO CBD SMA

SMA

Which of the following lists the branches in the correct order that they originate from the AO arch? right innominate, left carotid, left innominate right subclavian, right carotid, left innominate innominate, left carotid, left subclavian innominate, right carotid, left subclavian

innominate, left carotid, left subclavian

What structure/region is indicated by #3? major calyx lower pole major calyx mid pole renal pyramid major calyx upper pole

major calyx lower pole

Which of the following vessels follow a retroaortic course in the abdomen? portal confluence RRA LRA none of the above

none of the above

Where is the gastroduodenal artery on this image?

The IVC and SVC empty their blood into the ___. right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle

right atrium

What structure/vessel is indicated by #2? MPV common hepatic artery LHV IVC LPV

IVC

Which of the following vessels follow a retrocaval course in the abdomen? LRA RRA SMA portal confluence

RRA - courses posterior to the IVC to reach the right kidney

What structure/vessel is indicated by #8? IVC SMA AO spine

All of the following structures are directly medial and anterior to the splenic hilum, EXCEPT: fundus of the stomach lesser sac pancreatic tail Morison pouch

Morison pouch

Which portion of the bladder is in direct contact with the anterior vaginal wall/prostate? dome base apex fundus

base

The ___ region is defined by the orifices of the two ureters and the urethral outlet? trigone base fundus dome

trigone

Where is the RRV on this image?

The largest abdominal tributaries of the IVC are the: HVs MPV gonadal veins renal veins

HVs

Where is the splenic artery on this image?

the splenic artery is not visible in this image

Hutch diverticula are identified in the: small bowel large bowel gallbladder urinary bladder

Hutch diverticula are congenital outpouchings of the bladder wall near the ureteral orifice

All of the following are seen posterior to the kidney, EXCEPT: levator ani muscle psoas muscle quadratus lumborum muscle diaphragm

levator ani muscle - forms the pelvic floor

The renal pyramids are found in the: calyces cortex sinus medulla

medulla

Which of the following best describes the normal Doppler tracing from the renal arteries? low resistance waveform with increased diastolic flow reversal low resistance waveform with increased diastolic flow triphasic waveform with increased diastolic flow reversal high resistance flow with increased diastolic flow reversal

low resistance waveform with increased diastolic flow

Accessory spleens are usually seen: adjacent to the inferior pole of the kidney at the posterior aspect of spleen near the porta hepatis near splenic hilum

near splenic hilum

Which of the following describes the location of lymphocyte production in the spleen? Malpighian corpuscles Kupffer cells red pulp alpha cells

Malpighian corpuscles

The image is a TRV view of the midline abdomen. What structure/vessel is indicated by #2? IVC AO RRV RRA

What major branch of the celiac axis is not visible on the image? HA left gastric artery splenic artery SMA

left gastric artery

The image is a TRV view of the midline abdomen. What structure/vessel is indicated by #5? SMA AO MPV SMV

SMA

What vessel is indicated by #3? IVC HA AO SMA

The average measurement of the normal spleen is: 6-10cm less than 12cm 5-8cm 6-10mm

less than 12cm

Where is the LRV in this image?

Anatomy Practice #3 Flashcards

(112 cards)