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ARDMS ABD REVIEW > Face & Neck > Flashcards

Face & Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient with hypercalcemia presents to the sonography department for a neck sonogram. What abnormality in the neck should be suspected?

parathyroid adenoma
parotid gland enlargement
thyroid papillary carcinoma
Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

parathyroid adenoma

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2
Q

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

branchial cleft cyst
follicular adenomas
thyroglossal duct cysts
parathyroid adenomas

A

thyroglossal duct cysts

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3
Q

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

3
4
6
8

A

4

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4
Q

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

branchial cleft cyst
follicular adenoma
thyroglossal duct cyst
parathyroid adenoma

A

branchial cleft cyst

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5
Q

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

cold nodule
hot nodule

A

cold nodule

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6
Q

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin
calcium

A

calcium

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7
Q

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

8 mm
5 mm
12 mm
10 mm

A

10 mm

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8
Q

With which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated?

Graves’ disease
thyroglossal duct cyst
parathyroid adenoma
thyroid adenoma

A

parathyroid adenoma

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9
Q

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic rim

rounded, echogenic structure with small calcifications

solid, hypoechoic mass that measures greater than 1 cm

solid, echogenic mass that measures less than 1 cm

A

hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic rim

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10
Q

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

Hashimoto thyroiditis
Graves’ disease
hyperparathyroidism
cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Graves’ disease

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11
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules EXCEPT:

internal calcifications
hyperechoic mass
cervical node involvement
solitary mass

A

hyperechoic mass

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12
Q

All of the following are diagnostic findings of a likely benign thyroid nodule EXCEPT:

anechoic nodule
eggshell calcification
hyperechoic nodule
cold nodule

A

cold nodule

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13
Q

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

follicular
anaplastic
lymphoma
papillary

A

papillary

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Graves’ disease
Hashimoto thyroiditis
papillary carcinoma
parathyroid adenoma

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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15
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node EXCEPT:

rounded shape
echogenic hilum
calcifications
enlargement

A

echogenic hilum

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves’ disease
Hashimoto thyroiditis
papillary carcinoma
parathyroid adenoma

A

Graves’ disease

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17
Q

Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?

submandibular gland
sublingual gland
thyroid gland
parotid gland

A

parotid gland

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18
Q

Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?

omohyoid
longus colli
sternocleidomastoid
infrahyoid

A

sternocleidomastoid

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19
Q

A 30 year old patient presents to the sonography department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperparathyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hashimoto thyroiditis
Graves’ disease
hyperparathyroidism
cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Graves’ disease

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20
Q

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

thyroxine
calcitonin
colloid
triiodothyronine

A

colloid

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21
Q

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:

too many thyroid hormones
too much calcium
too few thyroid hormones
too much iodine

A

too few thyroid hormones

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22
Q

A 45 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Which of the following would be the most likely etiology of the palpable mass?

torticollis
lymphadenopathy
sialadenitis
Graves’ disease

A

sialadenitis

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23
Q

Which of the following is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?

Stepson duct
Wharton duct
Siegel duct
Partridge duct

A

Wharton duct

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24
Q

Which of the following does the thyroid gland utilize to produce its hormones?

colloid
iodine
iron
calcium

A

iodine

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25
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe? sternocleidomastoid longus colli sternohyoid omohyoid
longus colli
26
Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe? sternocleidomastoid longus colli sternohyoid omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid
27
Which of the following is associated with congenital muscular torticollis? fibromatosis colli branchial cleft cyst pleomorphic adenoma sialadenosis
fibromatosis colli
28
What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland? esophagus common carotid artery internal jugular vein sternothyroid
esophagus
29
Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes? external carotid vein external carotid artery internal jugular vein common carotid artery
common carotid artery
30
A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than ____ is indicative of thyroid enlargement 8 mm 5 mm 12 mm 10 mm
10 mm
31
Which of the following is the term for stones within the salivary duct? sjögren syndrome torticollis cervical lymphadenopathy sialolithiasis
sialolithiasis
32
Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland? sternocleidomastoid longus colli thyrocervical trunk strap
strap
33
What is the first branch of the external carotid artery? internal carotid artery optic artery superior thyroid artery inferior thyroid artery
superior thyroid artery
34
Psammoma bodies are A. hypoechoic structures B. comet-tail artifacts emanating from inside a colloid mass C. punctuate calcific deposits D. mural or wall nodules within a solid mass
punctuate calcific deposits
35
All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid EXCEPT: thyroxine iodine triiodothyronine calcitonin
iodine
36
Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid? thyroxine iodine triiodothyronine calcitonin
thyroxine
37
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, and dryness of the eyes, nose, skin, and mouth? Wharton syndrome sjögren syndrome Stenson syndrome sialadenosis syndrome
sjögren syndrome
38
What type of gland is the thyroid gland? endocrine exocrine both neither
endocrine
39
the superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the: thyroglossal duct branchial cleft yodeler's love pyramidal lobe
pyramidal lobe
40
Which of the following is the most common form of salivary gland cancer? mucoepidermoid carcinoma papillary carcinoma ancillary carcinoma medullary carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
41
You have been requested to perform a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with a palpable nodule in the left neck. Which of the following transducers would provide the most optimal scan? 2.25 MHz curved linear array 3.5 MHz curved linear array 5.0 MHz curved linear array 7.5 MHz curved linear array 10.0 MHz linear array
10.0 MHz linear array
42
Identify the structure labeled A: strap muscle longus coli muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle esophagus isthmus
sternocleidomastoid muscle
43
Identify the structure labeled B: strap muscle longus coli muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle esophagus isthmus
isthmus
44
identify the structure labeled C: esophagus trachea sternohyoid cervical spine jugular vein
trachea
45
identify the structure labeled D: esophagus parathyroid longus coli muscle cervical spine common carotid artery
esophagus
46
identify the structure labeled E: common carotid artery internal jugular vein external jugular vein longus coli muscle subclavian vein
internal jugular vein
47
What muscle is seen as thin, hypoechoic bands immediately anterior to each thyroid lobe? A. sternocleidomastoid B. longus coli C. sternohyoid D. sternothyroid E. both C and D
both C and D
48
What muscle is located posterior to each lobe of the thyroid? A. sternocleidomastoid B. longus coli C. sternohyoid D. sternothyroid E. both C and D
longus coli
49
What is the role of color and spectral Doppler in evaluating thyroid nodules? A. increased color Doppler flow within a nodule indicates malignancy B. identification of a vascular halo around a nodule indicated a benign condition C. hyperemic of a heterogeneous thyroid by color Doppler indicates malignancy D. A, B, and C E. neither color nor spectral Doppler has been shown to be sensitive in determining if a thyroid nodule is benign or malignant
E. neither color nor spectral Doppler has been shown to be sensitive in determining if a thyroid nodule is benign or malignant
50
You are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. What is the sonographic appearance of this condition? multiple large, hypoechoic nodules throughout both lobes many small, echogenic nodules throughout both lobes enlarged thyroid with heterogenous echotexture diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with heterogenous echotexture enlarged thyroid with homogeneous, low-level echotexture
diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with heterogenous echotexture
51
You are performing a thyroid study on a patient with an enlarged gland. Color Doppler shows markedly increased vascularity of both lobes. Which of the following is most likely? Graves' disease adenomatous goiter Hashimoto's thyroiditis follicular adenoma colloid nodule
Graves' disease
52
A patient has been referred for a thyroid ultrasound to locate a parathyroid adenoma. How many parathyroid glands are present in most people? 1 2 3 4 6
4
53
You are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with increased serum calcium levels. What pathology are you searching for? Hashimoto's thyroiditis Graves' disease adenomatous thyroid nodule parathyroid adenoma colloid cyst
parathyroid adenoma
54
During sonographic imaging of the thyroid, you detect several cervical lymph nodes. Which of the following is NOT true regarding these lymph nodes? ultrasound cannot detect normal lymph nodes visualization of inflammatory lymph nodes in the neck is common most normal cervical lymph nodes have an oblong or oval shape the greatest dimension in normal cervical lymph nodes is the longitudinal axis most inflammatory lymph nodes exhibit an echogenic hilum
ultrasound cannot detect normal lymph nodes - this is NOT a true statement
55
Which of the following is NOT true regarding thyroid nodules? the overwhelming majority of thyroid nodules are benign thyroid nodules are very common a solitary thyroid nodule is usually malignant nodules with a significant cystic component are usually benign nodules may be hyperechoic or hypoechoic to the thyroid
a solitary thyroid nodule is usually NOT malignant
56
You have been asked to identify a parathyroid adenoma. What is the typical sonographic appearance of this structure? hyperechoic, round, solid nodule heterogeneous, oval, solid nodule round, solid nodule, isoechoic to the thyroid gland homogenous, hypoechoic, solid oval-shaped nodule hypoechoic nodule with highly echogenic hilum
homogenous, hypoechoic, solid oval-shaped nodule
57
You are performing an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of parathyroid adenoma. Hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by enlargement of how many parathyroid glands? 1 2 3 4 5
1
58
You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with parathyroid hyperplasia. How many glands are usually involved in this condition? 1 2 3 4 5
4
59
While performing a thyroid ultrasound, you detect a lymph node suspicious for malignancy. Which of the following sonographic features is consistent with nodal malignancy in the neck? rounded lymph node heterogenous echotexture intranodal calcification absence of an echogenic hilum all of the above
all of the above
60
During transverse imaging of the thyroid, you detect a hypoechoic, round nodule posterior and medial to the thyroid. How can you determine if this is the esophagus or a nodule? image the patient in both inspiration and expiration have the patient perform a Valsalva maneuver have the patient swallow while scanning the area scan the patient in an upright position all of the above
have the patient swallow while scanning the area
61
What vessel is seen to course through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine? common carotid superior thyroid inferior thyroid thyrocervical vertebral
vertebral
62
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of what artery? common carotid internal carotid external carotid thyrocervical inferior thyroid
external carotid
63
What is the most common form of thyroid cancer? papillary carcinoma follicular carcinoma medullary carcinoma lymphoma metastatic disease
papillary carcinoma
64
During transverse insonation of the thyroid gland, you detect two large vessels just lateral to the thyroid. What is the most medial vessel? common carotid artery internal jugular vein vertebral artery subclavian artery external jugular vein
common carotid artery
65
During transverse insonation of the thyroid gland, you detect two large vessels just lateral to the thyroid. What is the most lateral vessel? common carotid artery internal jugular vein vertebral artery subclavian artery external jugular vein
internal jugular vein
66
The thyrocervical trunk arises from what artery? common carotid artery internal carotid artery external carotid artery subclavian artery vertebral artery
subclavian artery
67
You are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a young woman with hypothyroidism. You detect a moderately enlarged, hypoechoic thyroid with a coarsened parenchymal echotexture. Which of the following conditions is most likely present, considering this history and findings? Graves' disease multinodular adenomatous goiter Hashimoto's thyroiditis papillary carcinoma normal thyroid
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
68
Which of the following describes the correct patient positioning for sonographic evaluation of the thyroid? supine in a reversed trendelenburg position right thyroid lobe is examined with the patient in left lateral decubitus position and the left thyroid lobe is examined with the patient in right lateral decubitus position probe with neck extended supine with neck hyperextended by a pad underneath the scapulae upright position with the chin on the chest
supine with neck hyperextended by a pad underneath the scapulae
69
On the left side of the neck, the common carotid arises from what artery? innominate subclavian right common carotid internal jugular aortic arch
aortic arch

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