Anemias Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Blood picture of AA
A
Normocytic, normochromic
Leucopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Pancytopenia
2
Q
Causes pf aplastic anemia
A
Ionizng radiation
Tumor of the thymus
Exposure to radicals
Congenital/hereditary
3
Q
What are the exposure to radicals
A
Naphthalene, arsenical, benzene, chordane
4
Q
Congenital and hereditary in aplastic anemia
A
diamond black fan viral hep, oncogenic virus
5
Q
Ofi in AA
A
Decreased
6
Q
Formed due to excessive destruction and shortening of the life span pf the rbc and it can be an acquired or congenital
A
Hemolytic anemia
7
Q
Causes of HA
A
Presence of Ab
Due to toxins
Due to drugs
Due to inherited intracorpuscular anomaly
8
Q
Due to the presence of Ab in HA spec what
A
Hdn
9
Q
Ofi pf HA
A
Incease
10
Q
Ha is can correlate to
A
Spherocyte
11
Q
Includion bodies of HA
A
Howeel jolly
12
Q
Blood picture of HA
A
High retics
Inc nrbc
Presence of poikilocytosis
13
Q
2 main dicision that causes HA
A
Corpuscular defect and extracorpuscular defect
14
Q
The problem is the rbc itself
A
Intrinsic
15
Q
Defect in the cell mem
A
Pnh
16
Q
Pnh is previously known as
A
marchiafava micheli
17
Q
Inclusion bodies in HA under intrinsic
A
Hereditary spherocytosis, achantocytosis, elliptocytosis and zeive syndrome
18
Q
Defect in intracellular enzyme iclude
A
Anaerobic glycolysis Hexokinas Phosphohexose isomerase Phosphoglycerate kinase Pyruvate kinase
19
Q
Transfer of glucose to cell
A
Hexose monophosphate shunt or g6pd
20
Q
Enzyme involve in methemoglobin
A
Glutathione synthetase
21
Q
What are wxtrinsic that cause HA
A
Acquired autoimmune HA PCH Infection Drugs Chemicals Mechanical Physical agents
22
Q
Under chemicals
A
Benzene
Aniline
Lead
23
Q
Acquired autoimmune HA
A
Blood transfusion
24
Q
Mechanical
A
Externous exercise
25
Ass with exposure to cold temperature due to the presence of cold agglutinin ab called
Donath landsteiner hemolysin/ pch
26
Colored of urine sa,ple of PCH
Tea sampled
27
Ass with complement mediated hemolysis
PNH
28
Due to a ded of activity of acetyl cholinesterase that is found in the cell membrane
PNH
29
Due to the presence of HbA variant causes sickling of RBC under reduce oxygen tension
Sickle cell anemia
30
Inclusion bodies of SIckle cell anemia
Howell jolly and cabots ring
31
Sickle cell causes
Vaso occlusive crisis
32
Blood picture of sickle cell anemia
```
Normocytic normochromic
Sickle cell
Thrombocytosis
Neutrophilia
Anistocytosis
Poikilocytosis
```
33
OFI of sickle cell
Dec
34
Presence of 2 HbS
Homozygous SC
35
Carrier they have the sickle cell trait
Heterozygous sc
36
Simple test for sickle cell anemia
Scribr and waugh method
37
Normal 2 aloha and 2 beta chain
HbA
38
Method becsuse it uses deoxygenizers
Daland and Dasilva
39
Sample of deoxygenizer
2% ascorbic acid, 2% na metabisulfite, 2% na dithionite
40
Uses formol saline solution
Shermans method
41
To seal and prevent the entrance of oxygen
Mineral oil
42
Comoutation in sickle cell anemia
of sc/100x100
43
40% is observed after an hr in Sc has
Sickle cell anemia
44
1% of SC after an hour
Sickle cell trait
45
Due to abnormal production rate pf the one of the polypeptide chain of hb molecule. It can be alpha or beta
Thalassemia
46
Other name of thalassemia
Cooleys anemia, mediterranean anemia
47
Predominant cell of target cell
Hereditary leptocytosis
48
Common in southeast asia
Alpha and beta thalassemia
49
Indices of thalassemia
Microcytic hypochromic
50
Inclusion bodies of thalassemia
Howell jolly bodies
51
Blood picture
Poikilo
Anisto
Inc nucleated nrbc
Hepatosplenomegaly jaundice
52
OFI of thalassemia
Decrease
53
Inclusion bodies of beta thalassemia
Heinz and howell jolly bodies
54
Cause by point mutation that results in premature chain termination or abnormal transcription of rna that leads to formation of reduce/absence of b globin chain
Beta thalassemia
55
Predominance od hbF
Beta thalassemia major
56
2 alpha 2 gamma
HbF
57
Predominance of hbA2
B thalassemia minor
58
2 alpha 2 delta
HbA2
59
Due to the gene dletion causing reduce a globulin chain synthesis and in severe form fprm there will be an excess beta chain that leads of the formation of b tetramer characterized by beta
Alpha thalassemia
60
Hgb variant that contains 4 beta chain
HbH
61
Presence of what due to reduce form of alpha
HbH
62
4 gamma chain
Barts hb
63
For,ed due to the fuctional inability if the B, to replace rbc
Apastic anemia
64
Results from either a dec or absence in beta chain production by both allele gene
Thalassemia major or homozygous beta thalassemia
65
Dec in beta chain production, gamma chain production is high which resukt in increased HbF
Thalassemia major, homozygous beta thalassemia
66
Excess of alpha chain due to lack of matching beta chain
Thalassemia major p, homozygous beta thalassemia
67
Major cause of death in beta thalassemia major
Cardiac failure
68
Indirect bilirubin in beta thalassemia major
Dec
69
Mcv and rdw in beta thalassemia major
Dec and inc
70
OFI of thalassemia
Dec
71
What would be expected because of destruction of erythroid precursor in the marrow
Retics ct is elevated
72
Result from the absence or dec in beta chain production of one allele gene
Thalassemia minor heterozygous beta thalassemia
73
Resufrom severe microcytic hypochromic anemia to what
Normal clinical finding which is thalassemia minor
74
Rbc ct in thalassemia minor
Inc
75
Hb and hct in thalassemia minor
Reduced
76
Rdw in thalassemia minor is
Inc
77
Extreme poikilo and anistocytosis and thalassemia major
Target cell, ovalocytes, hjb, normoblasts,siderocytes, cabot ring
78
Smear show what moderate poikilo in beta thalassemia minor
Target cell, basophilic stip
79
Thalassemia minor serum iron level
Normal to inc
80
OFI beta thalassemia minor
Dec
81
Resukts from a partial or total decrease in the production of alpha chain
Alpha thalassemia
82
Is deletion of only one gene
Mild aloha thalassemia
83
Deletion of two alpha globin gene
Severe alpha thalassemia
84
Most severe form of alpha thalassemia
Hydrops fetalis wuth Hb barts
85
Ansence of alpha chains 4 gamma chains
Hydrops fetalis with hb barts
86
Thalassemia in which three of the four alpha globin genes are absent --/-a
HbH dse, alpha thalassemia major
87
Patientwhi have this have a chronic HA
HbH alpha thalassemia major
88
Mcv and mch in alpha thalassemia major are
Dec
89
Due to depletion of iron storage in the body needed for hemoglobin production
Severe iron def anemia
90
Iron absorp by
Duodenum
91
Vitb12 absorp by
Ileum
92
Folate absorp by
Jejunum
93
Absence of hcl and gastric acid
Achlorydria
94
Severe IDA causes
Due to poor diet
Due to faulty absorption
Excessive iron loss
Iron excessive demand
95
Indices of IDA
Microcytic hypochromic
96
OFI in severe IDA
Dec
97
Blood picture of severe IDA
Anisto
Poikilo
Thrombocytosis
98
Is a conditioned nutritional def of b12
Pernicious anemia
99
PA also called
Macrocytic or megalocytic anemia or addisonians anemia
100
Due to lack of instrinsic factor needed
Absorption of B12/folic acid
101
Increase form of wbc specifically what rbc
Shift to the right hypersegmented neutrophils
102
Indices of pernicious anemia
Macrocytic hypochromic
103
Blood picture of PA
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia anisto, poikilo
104
Inclusion bodies of PA
Howell jolly bodies cabots ring
105
Most commonly occu as a result of an iron deficiency but can result from a block in the enzyme that inserts iron into heme ring
Iron metabolism disorder
106
It is a non functioning without iron and two thirs or more of the tital bidy iron is in the rbc and their precursors
Hb molecule
107
Each milliliter of rbc contain
1mg of iron
108
Storage iron is present in as what
Macrophage and normoblast as ferritin or hemosiderin
109
It is tranportee to normoblast gu plasma transferrin
Recycled Hb
110
Only lost of the iron from the body per day
0.9-1.3 mg
111
Result when iron loss extends iron intake for a long time and the body's iron stores are depleted
IDA
112
Develops when there is excessive chronic loss of blood
IDA
113
Develops when increas need for iron such as rapid growth in infancy childhood and pregnancy
IDA
114
Beginning of iron deficiency a negative balance develops and iron mobilized from iron stores when turns process storage iron and plasma ferritin DEC. gi absorption and tibc is INC
Iron depletion stage
115
Occurs when tissue iron are depleted when transformed saruration falls the percent if marrow sideroblast dec and serum iron dec and level of photoporohyrin inc
Iron def erythropoiesis stage
116
A clinical anemia become detectable as normocytic normochromic then graduallt to a macrocytic hypochromic anemia
By the ida stage
117
Condition of iron excess from a abnormality gene on chrom 6
Primary familial hemachromatosis
118
Inc absorption by intestinal mucosal cell
Primary familial hemachromatosis
119
Inc serum level, transferrin saturation and iron loading macrophage and hepatocyte
Primary familial hemachromatosis
120
Disprdr of iroj excess that is ass with defective synthesis of heme becsuse of multiple enzyme defects and resuting a iron overload in the mitochondria of normoblast
Sideroblastic anemia
121
Inc serum level, transferrin, sideroblastic and dec tibc
Sideroblastic anemia
122
Refers to the amount of iron that could be bound by saturating transferrin and ither minor iron binding proteins present in serum or plasma sample
Tibc
123
Anemia of chronic infection has
Low or normal tibc
124
Ida has
Hight tibc
125
Non iron anemia has
Has low tibc
126
Excess iron removed by adding what to measure bound iron
Mg carbonate to
127
Rv of tibc in adult
245-425mg dl
128
Rv of tibc in 40yo
10-250ug/dl
129
Rv of tibc in newborn
100-200ug/dl
130
For,ula of tibc
Uibc + serum iron
131
Tibc increased in
Ida hepatistis and iron supplemented preg
132
Tibc dec in non ida and nephrosis
Decreased
133
A measure of the reserbed iron binding capacity of transferrin
UIBC
134
Formula of uibc
Tubc - serum iron
135
It is known as transferrin saturation or index of iron storage
Percent saturation
136
Ratio of serum iron to tibc
Percent saturation
137
Percent saturation inc in
Iron overdose hema, SA
138
Percent saturation dec
in ida, malignancy , chronic infection p, anemia of chronic dse
139
Percent saturation rv
20-50%
