animals lecture 14 & 15

Question 1

the study of extracellular signaling

Answer 1

endocrinology

Question 2

extracellular chemical signal

These are often synthesized in specialized cells or organs called endocrine glands

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

Collectively all of the hormone-secreting cells of an organism

Answer 3

endocrine system

Question 4

with hormones, sometimes a hormone molecule can

Answer 4

go right through the target cell and sometimes it hits a signal receptor

Question 5

mechanism that dampens a stimulus

Answer 5

negative feedback

Question 6

mechanism that reinforces a stimulus

Answer 6

positive feedback

Question 7

thyroid disfunction disease
– low thyroid hormone
Results in severely stunted development both physically and mentally

Answer 7

cretinism

Question 8

thyroid disfunction disease – high thyroid hormone

Answer 8

graves disease

Question 9

study of structure (or form)

Answer 9

anatomy

Question 10

study of function

Answer 10

physiology

Question 11

the flow of energy through an animal

Answer 11

bioenergetics

Question 12

animals obtain their chemical energy from

Answer 12

organic moleculed synthewized by other animals

Question 13

animals are

Answer 13

heterotrophs

Question 14

total chemical reactions in the body

Answer 14

metabolism

Question 15

reactions that synthesize complex molecules from simpler molecules

Answer 15

anabolism

Question 16

breaking down complex molecules, by breaking bonds and releasing energy

Answer 16

catabolism

Question 17

body warmed by metabolism

Answer 17

endothermic

Question 18

body warmed by external sources

Answer 18

ectotherm

Question 19

high energy, narrow body temp variation, active over a wide range of temps;

Answer 19

endothermic

Question 20

low energy, wide body temp variation, active over narrower range of temps,

Answer 20

ectothermic

Question 21

examples of endotherms

Answer 21

mammals and birds

Question 22

examples of ectotherms

Answer 22

all other animals besides mammals and birds

Question 23

(x) have baby on the inside and it keeps it warm that way

Answer 23

endotherms

Question 24

metabolic rate of endothermic at rest

Answer 24

basal metabolic rate

Question 25

metabolic rate of ectotherms at rest at a specific temp

Answer 25

standard metabolic rate

Question 26

highest bmr and smrs occur during

Answer 26

peak activity

Question 27

metabolic rate can be measured by

Answer 27

respiration rate

Question 28

large organisms have (x) metabolic rates

Answer 28

lower

Question 29

process through which animals maintain an internal temp

Answer 29

thermoregulation

Question 30

thermoregulation can happen through

Answer 30

anatomy, physiology, and/or behavior

Question 31

hair insulates by

Answer 31

air being trapped between it and skin

Question 32

mostly only (x) in the cold bc

Answer 32

endotherms bc they produce their own heat and can still be active

Question 33

increasing blood flow to the surface

Answer 33

vasodilation

Question 34

reducing blood flow to the surface

Answer 34

vasoconstriction

Question 35

vasodilation is (x) heat

Answer 35

loosing

Question 36

vasoconstriction is (x) heat

Answer 36

retaining

Question 37

to avoid frostbite (x) protects cheeks and other vital things

Answer 37

vasodilation

Question 38

heat is disspiated through (x) surfaces faster

Answer 38

wet

Question 39

activity is low and metabolism decreases

Answer 39

torpor

Question 40

long-term torpor during cold conditions

Answer 40

hibernation

Question 41

long-term torpor during hot or dry conditions

Answer 41

estivation