Plant Terms Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Storage polysaccharide in archaeplastida
A
Starch
2
Q
Specialized structures in which gametes develop; bounded by a sterile layer (jacket) of cells
A
Jacketed gametangia
3
Q
Immature sporophyte stage
A
Embryo (plant)
4
Q
Waxy layer associated with plant epidermis
A
Cuticle (plant)
5
Q
Spindle microtubules that persist into telophase of mitosis and are arrayed perpendicular to the plane of cell division
A
Phragmoplast
6
Q
Region of cell division that forms at the apex of a growth axis
A
Apical meristem
7
Q
Decay-resistant component or spore and/or pollen walls
A
Sporopollenin
8
Q
The mosses
A
Bryophyta
9
Q
The ferns
A
Pterophyta
10
Q
The flowering plants (aka angiosperms)
A
Anthophyta
11
Q
Opening in epidermal surface of plants; guard cell turgid determines if it is open or closed; site of gas exchange
A
Stomata (stoma)
12
Q
Water (and inorganic ion) conducting tissue. Dead at functional maturity
A
Xylem
13
Q
Sugar (in water) conducting tissue;alive at functional maturity
A
Phloem
14
Q
Plant organ primarily associated with photosynthesis
A
Leaf
15
Q
Plant organ primarily associated with support and transport
A
Stem
16
Q
Plant organ primarily associated with anchoring and uptake of water and nutrients
A
Root
17
Q
Function of one sperm nucleus with egg and fusion of second sperm nucleus with polar nuclei
A
Double fertilization
18
Q
Diplobionic life history where distinct, multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages are present
A
Alternation of generation
19
Q
The haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages are morphologically distinct from one another
A
Heterotrophic alternation of generation
20
Q
Life history involving alternation of generations
A
Diplobionic
21
Q
Life history where only one stage (haploid or diploid) is dominant, actively growing or multicellular
A
Haplobionic
22
Q
Haploid phase in alternation of generation; produces gametes by mitosis (plus cytokinesis)
A
Gametophyte
23
Q
Diploid phase in alternation of generation; produces spores by meiosis (plus cytokinesis)
A
Sporophyte
24
Q
Plasmogamy with karyogamy; Union of gametes (often egg and sperm)
A
Fertilization
25
First cell (haploid) of the gametophyte generation
Spore (plant)
26
Diploid cell in a sporangioum that is destined to undergo meiosis to produce spores
Spore mother cell (sporophyte)
27
Specialized structure that contains spore mother cells that undergo meiosis to produce spores
Sporangium
28
Diploid cell which is (generally) the product of the Union of egg (female gamete) and sperm (male gamete)
Zygote
29
The mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Bryophytes
30
Stalk-like structure that supports a sporangium
Seta
31
Jacketed gametangia me that produces sperm
Antheridia
32
Jacketed gametangia my that produces an egg
Archegonium
33
Another name for sporangium
Capsule
34
Tooth-shaped covering at apex of moss sporangia; teeth open and close in response to changes I humidity
Peristome teeth
35
Moss found in acid bog
Sphagnum
36
An aggregation of sporangia (ferns)
Sorus (sori)
37
Immature seed; when it is mature it is comprised of Integument, mega sporangium, and female gametophyte
Ovule
38
Ovule that has received pollen, when it is mature it is comprised of seed coat, mega sporangium (0r other nutritional tissue) and embryo
Seed
39
Naked-seeded plants (e.g. Conifers)
Gymnosperm
40
Seasonal or annual loss of plant structure-- usually in reference to leaves
Decidious
41
Two types of spores are produced: micro and megaspores
Heterospory
42
Sporangium in which micro spores are produced by meiosis
Microsporangium
43
Diploid cell (in microsporangium) destined to undergo meiosis to produce micro spores
Microspores mother cell (aka microsporocyte)
44
Microspores develop into (x); develop in pollen in seed plants
Microgametophyte
45
Transport stage that contains the microgametophyte; in seed plants only
Pollen
46
Sporangium in which Megaspores are produced by meiosis
Megasporangim
47
Diploid cell (in megasporagium) destined to undergo meiosis to produce megaspores
Megaspores mother cell (aka megasporocyte)
48
First cell (haploid) of the mega gametophyte generation (the product of meiotic division of megaspores mother cell)
Megaspore
49
First cell (haploid) of the microgametophyte generation (the product of meiotic division of a microspore mother cell)
Microspore
50
Megaspores develop into (x); develop in ovules in seed plants
Megametophyte
51
Seed leaf (dicots) or scutellum (monocots)
Cotyledon
52
Reproduction structure in flowering plants comprised of ranks of modified leaves (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels)
Flower
53
Lowest rank of floral parts; often leaf-like
Sepals
54
The second lowest rank of floral parts; often involved in attracting pollinators
Petals
55
The complement of sepals on a flower
Calyx
56
The complement of petals on a flower
Corolla
57
The rank of floral parts that bears microsporangia; comprised of filaments and anthers (typically four microsporangia)
Stamens
58
The portion of the stamen that bears microsproangia
Anther
59
Stalk-like structure that supports an anther (part of a stamen)
Filament
60
The rank of floral parts that bears megasporagium contained in ovules; comprised of stigma, style, and ovary
Carpel (aka pistil)
61
Pollen-receptive surface (usually the apex) of a carpel
Stigma (angiosperms)
62
Portion of carpel that connects stoma to ovary
Style
63
Basal portion of carpel that contains one or more ovules
Ovary
64
Fully developed ovary (following pollination)
Fruit
65
The act of pollen reaching the stigmatic surface (by wind, insect, bird, bat or waterO
Pollination
66
The phenomenon of disseminating or distributing seeds after they have matured; often aided by the fruit
Seed dispersal
67
Having a single seed leaf (cotyledon)
Monocotyledon
68
Having two seed leaves (cotyledons)
Dicotyledon
69
Having floral parts in threes or multiples of threes (typical of monocots)
Trimerous
70
Having floral parts in fours or multiples of four (typical of dicots)
Tetramerous
71
Having floral parts in fives or multiples of fives (typical of dicots)
Pentamerous
72
Veins or leaf are or appear to be parallel to be another (typical of many monocots)
Parallel venation
73
Vein of leaf are branched and form a network (typical of dicots)
Netted (reticulate) venation
74
Region of vascular tissue development
Stele
75
Vascular tissue that forms bundles that are scattered throughout the ground tissue (as seen in cross sections); primarily a monocot stem feature
Atactostele
76
Vascular tissue that forms bundles that are arranged in a ring in the ground tissue (as seen in cross sections); primarily a dicot stem feature
Eustele
77
Pattern of root development with no main root axis; primarily a monocot feature
Fibrous root
78
Pattern of root development with a main root axis; primarily a dicot feature
Tap root
79
Pollen tubes develop from pores; is typical of monocot plants
Single pollen pore
80
Pollen tubes develop from pores; is also typical of monocots
3 pollen pores
81
The part of the plant comprising the above-ground components: leaves and stems
Shoot system
82
The part of the plant comprising the below ground components
Root system
83
Cellular processes of root epidermal cells; associated with regio of root involved in absorption
Root hairs
84
Point of origin for leaves and branches in a shoot system
Nodes
85
That portion of the stem that connects one node to another
Internodes
86
Bud found at the apex of the shoot system; includes an apical meristem
Terminal bud
87
Bud found in the axis of a leaf (the angle between petiole and stem axis)
Auxiliary (lateral) bud
88
Stalk-like structure of a leaf
Petiole
89
The flattened portion of a leaf; primary site of photosynthesis
Blade (lamina)
90
Leaf comprised of many leaflets/blades
Compound leaf
91
Leaf comprised of a single blade
Simple leaf
92
Tissue that develops into epidermis
Dermal tissue (plants)
93
Tissue that develops into conducting tissue (xylem and phloem)
Vascular tissue (plants)
94
Tissue that develops into cortex and pith
Ground tissue (plants)
95
Outer layer of cells (bears cuticle in plants)
Epidermis
96
Outer tissue layer (dead cells) of bark
Periderm (cork)
97
Periderm plus secondary phloem
Bark
98
Fundamental cell/tissue type; can differentiate into all other cell/tissue types
Parenchyma (plant)
99
Structural tissue (augmented primary cell wall( that is living at maturity
Collenchyma
100
Structural tissue (lignified secondary cell walls) that is dead at maturity
Sclerenchyma
101
Xylem cell with tapered ends and pit connections; dead at maturity (strengthened with secondary cell walls)
Tracheid
102
Xylem cell with large openings at both ends; dead at maturity (strengthened with secondary cell walls)
Vessel
103
Phloem cell with sieve plates that allow movement of sugar from one cell to the next; living at maturity, but lack nucleus
Sieve tube
104
Phloem cell that is paired with sieve tubes; functions in phloem loading and unloading; directs operations in sieve tube that lacks a nucleus
Companion cell
105
Growth associated with primary (apical) meristems; this would be the shoot tips and root tips; adds to the length of the plant
Primary growth
106
Growth associated with secondary (lateral) meristems; this is the mostly vascular cambium that produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem; only associated with dicots
Secondary growth
107
Meristem that adds girt to a stem or root; only associated with dicots
Lateral meristem
108
Region of ground tissue that lies between the stele (site of vascular tissue) and the epidermis
Cortex
109
Physical description of stele found in roots of many plants
Vascular cylinder
110
Innermost layer of cortex; possess a waxy layer (aka casuarina strip) that prevents apoplastic (in the spaces between cells) water movement
Endodermis
111
Outermost layer of vascular cylinder in roots; cells have meristematic potential to produce branch roots
Pericyle
112
Region of ground tissue that lies at the center of a root or stem
Pith
113
The product of activity of the pericycle
Branch root
114
Immature leaf
Leaf primordium
115
Middle layer of leaf tissue (between epidemal layers)
Mesphyll
116
Layer of mesophiyll cells arranged in parallel columns (palisad); primary site of photosynthesis in dicot leaves; lies just beneath the upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
117
Layer of mesophyll cells loosely arranged (spongy); primary site of gas and vapor exchange in dicot leaves; leis just beneath the palisade layer and extends to the lower epidermis
Spongy mesophyll
118
Secondary (lateral) meristem that produces wood (secondary xylem) and secondary phloem in dicots
Vascular cambium
119
Secondary (lateral) meristem that produces the corky layer in bark (only dicots)
Cork cambium
120
Secondary xylem produced in the spring of an annual growth ring
Spring wood
121
Secondary xylem produced in the summer of an annual growth ring
Summer wood
