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Biology 1 > Plant Physiology > Flashcards

Plant Physiology Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Capable of fixing inorganic carbon

A

Autotrophy

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2
Q

Organism that can fix inorganic carbon; that is an autotroph

A

Producer

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3
Q

An organism that must acquire carbon from organic sources

A

Consumer

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4
Q

Plastid associated with the “green” lineage of the archaeplastida

A

Chloroplast

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5
Q

Photosynthetic pigment found in all photo autotrophic eukaryotes that exhibits two absorption maxima in the red and blue range of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Chlorophyll a

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6
Q

Phonetic pigment found in all photo autotrophic virdiplantae that exhibits two absorption maxima in the red and blue range of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Chlorophyll b

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7
Q

Opening in epidermal surface of higher plants that allows for gas exchange and water loss

A

Stomata

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8
Q

Byproduct of aerobic respiration and principle substrate for oxygenic photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Byproduct of oxygenic photosynthesis that is derived from the splitting of water

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

Middle layer of parenchyma cells in a typical leaf

A

Mesophyll

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11
Q

Disc-shaped membranes that house the photosynthetic pigments and may be arranged in stacks called grana when found in plastids

A

Tylakoid

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12
Q

Stacks of thylakoids in a chloroplast

A

Grana

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13
Q

The space in a chloroplast between the thylakoids and the chloroplast membranes

A

Stroma

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14
Q

Oxidation and reduction

A

Redox

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15
Q

Light-independent of synthetic reactions of photosynthesis that is also known as c3 photosynthesis

A

Calvin cycle

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16
Q

The Calvin cycle that is also known as the light-independent reactions or c3 photosynthesis

A

Synthetic reactions

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17
Q

Photosynthetic reactions involving the resonance transfer of light energy– harvested by photosynthetic pigments– into chemical nerdy in the form of ATP, reducing power in the form of NADPH, oxygen and protons (hydrogen ions)

A

Light reactions

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18
Q

Light reactions reduce NADP to NADPH which can be utilized to help drive the Calvin cycle

A

Nadp and NADPH

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19
Q

The enzyme ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylate-oxygenase (RUBISCO) is responsible for fixing inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) at the starting point of the Calvin Cycle

A

Carbon fixation

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20
Q

Three-carbon organic acids derived from the Calvin cycle are used to build more complex molecules such as sucrose which is the typical transport form of sugar for vascular plants

A

Sucrose

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21
Q

Radiant energy produced by electromagnetic processes that includes the visible spectrum of light

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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22
Q

Adenosine triphosphate has stored energy in a phosphate bond that is released when converted to adenosine diphosphate plus phosphate

A

ATP/ ADP

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23
Q

Light-mediated phosphorlyation of ADP to make ATP

A

Photophosphorlyation

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24
Q

A particular point on the electromagnetic spectrum that also alludes to one of the properties of light

A

Wavelength

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25
A record of the magnitude of light absorbed across a range of wavelengths
Absorption spectrum
26
A record of the magnitude of a biological response across a range of wavelengths
Action spectrum
27
The conversion of light energy (as a photon) into chemical energy via resonance energy transfer
Electron excitation
28
Light-harvesting complex that receives electron from photo system II via an electron transport chain and then uses light energy to drive the electron to an excited state which can then facilitate the reduction of NADP to NADPH
Photosystem I
29
Light harvesting complex that uses light energy to drive an electron to an excited state which can then vacillate the splitting of water and the generation of a proton gradient for chemiosmosis via an electron transport chain
Photosystem II
30
The set of all photosynthetic pigments that collect light energy and channel the energy to the center of a photosystem
Light harvesting complex
31
The name given the relationship between photosystem II and photosystem I
Z scheme
32
RUBISCO
Ribulose 1,5- biphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase
33
The consequence of oxygen uptake by RUBISCO that requires ATO and generates carbon dioxide while yielding no products of photosynthesis such as sugar
Photorespiration
34
The Calvin cycle, the synthetic reactions of the light independent reactions that is so named because of the 3 carbon organic acids that serve as intermediates
C3 photosynthesis
35
Adaptation to inefficiencies in c3 photosynthesis that provides a physical separation between carbon fixation (in the mesothelioma via PEP carboxylase) and the Calvin cycle (in the bundle sheath)
C4 photosynthesis
36
Enzyme utilized in c4 photosynthesis for carbon fixation in the mesothelioma
PEP carboxylase
37
Site of localization of Calvin cycle in many c4 plants
Bundle sheath cells
38
Mesothelioma cells in c4 plants form a "crown" around the bundle sheath cells
Kranz anatomy
39
A 4 carbon organic acid that serves as a reservoir for carbon storage or transport in CAM or C4 photosynthesis
Malate
40
Adaptation to water stress in plants that provides a temporal separation between carbon fixation (at night) and the Calvin cycle (during the day with the light reactions)
Crassly earn acid metabolism
41
Plant type associated with arid habits (eg cacti ease or crassulaceae)
Succulent plant
42
Movement of molecules that is aided by specialized structures (channels), the use of energy, or both
Active transport
43
Movement of materials (sugar) in phloem (sieve cells) due to pressure gradient
Bulk flow
44
Pressure of water due to the collective influence of solute and pressure potential
Water potetial
45
Element of water potential due to dissolved materials
Solute potential
46
Element of water potential due to physical pressure
Pressure potential
47
Description of a plant cell that is fully pressurized by water
Turgor
48
The contiguous living protoplasm of a plant
Symplast
49
Non-living components of a plant (cell walls and intercellular spaces)
Apoplast
50
Nanometer scale connections between protoplasm so far adjacent cells
Plasmodesmata
51
The pull exerted by the evaporation of water from a plant via the stomata
Transpiraton
52
A key trait of water that facilitates transpiration
Adhesion
53
A key trait of water that facilitates transpiration
Cohesion
54
A key trait of water that facilitates transpiration
Tension
55
The movement of potassium ions from guard cells to surrounding epidermis
K efflux
56
The movement of potassium ions from surrounding epidermis to guard cells
K influx
57
Stress hormones responsible for regulating potassium flux in guard cells
Abscisic acid (aba)
58
Movement of materials (sugar) in phloem (sieve cells) due to the presence of sucrose loading at one point and sucrose unloading at another point along the phloem stream
Source to sink
59
One of two cells in the male gametophyte of flowering plants that divides to produce two sperm nuclei
Generative cell
60
One of two nuclei in the male gametophyte of flowering plants that facilitates pollen tube development
Tube nucleus
61
Small opening at the end of ovules that permits entry of pollen or pollen tube
Micropyle
62
Outer protective layer of ovule that develops into seed coat
Integument
63
Two cells of the female gametophyte in flowering plants that flank the egg
Synergic cells
64
Three cells of the female gametophyte of flowering plants that is observed at the end opposite the egg
Antipodal cells
65
Female gametophyte
Egg
66
Two central cells/nuclei of the female gametophyte of flowering plants that will fuse with sperm to produce triploid endosperm
Polar nuclei
67
Triploid tissue, formed from union of sperm and two polar nuclei, that provides nutrition for the growing embryo of flowering plants
Endosperm
68
Seed leaf
Cotyledon
69
Sheath of tissue that surrounds epicotyl of manymonocot seeds
Coleoptile
70
Sheath of tissue that surrounds radicle of many monocot seeds
Coleorhiza
71
Root axis in a seed
Radicle
72
Shoot axis in a seed
Epicotyl
73
Axial plant tissue that lies between the epicotyl and the radicle in some dicots
Hypocotyl
74
The outer covering of a mature ovule
Seed coat
75
The signal from an environment stimulus is received by a plant (or any living organism)
Reception
76
The signal received from an environment stimulus is converted from one chemical form to another
Transduction
77
The physiological activity that serves as the end result of signal reception
Response
78
A substance created in one part of an organism that influences a different part of the organism
Hormone
79
A synonym of plant hormone
Plant growth regulator
80
The form a signal takes following transduction
Second messenger
81
Light sensitive pigment involved in circadian (day-night and seasonal) rhythms in plants
Phytochrome
82
A typical second messenger in plants
Calcium (ca++)
83
Light mediated growth toward or away from the light
Phototropism
84
Hormone responsible for cell elongation in plants
Auxin
85
Enzyme that breaks cross links in cellulose
Expansin
86
A form of photocrome that does not generally lead to a physiological response
Red light
87
A form of phytocrome that generally leads to a physiological response
Far-red light
88
Day-night or seasonal phenomena in plants such as flowering
Photoperiodism
89
Plant whose flowering is stimulated by an ever-increasing night length
Short day (long night) plants
90
Plants whose flowering is stimulated by an ever-decreasing night length
Long day (short night) plants

Biology 1 (14 decks)

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