Animals Lecture 9-11

Question 1

base of the vertebrae

Answer 1

notochord

Question 2

brain case

Answer 2

cranium

Question 3

cartilagenous skull, lack jaws, lack vertebrate, small brain, eye and nasal opening, keratin based teeth, marine, bottom-dwelling scavengers

Answer 3

myxini hagfish

Question 4

myxini

Answer 4

hagfish

Question 5

freshwater and marine, jawless, larvae also known as ammocoetes larva, benthic filter feeders, similar to lanceletes, notochord is cartilage, keratin teeth, tongue has hard parts, adults are giant fish, ectoparasites, haemophagic, use rasping tongue to penetrate skin

Answer 5

petromyzontida, lamprey

Question 6

petromyzontida

Answer 6

lamprey

Question 7

stoma

Answer 7

mouth

Question 8

gnatha

Answer 8

jaw

Question 9

jaws evolve from (x)

Answer 9

ancestral pharyngeal gill arches

Question 10

gnathostomes have

Answer 10

jaws, mineralized skeletons, appendicular skeleton

Question 11

limbs are a part of the (x) skeleton

Answer 11

appendicular, some fins are apart of it as well

Question 12

also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. it is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate, in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bones—vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. it houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord

Answer 12

vertebral collumn

Question 13

the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the bones or cartilage that support the appendages. Appendages appeared as fins in early fish, and subsequently evolved into the limbs of tetrapods.

Answer 13

appendicular skeleton

Question 14

each of a pair of fins situated on either side just behind a fish’s head, helping to control the direction of movement during locomotion. They correspond to the forelimbs of other vertebrates.

Answer 14

pectoral fins

Question 15

each of a pair of fins on the underside of a fish’s body, attached to the pelvic girdle and helping to control direction

Answer 15

pelvic fins

Question 16

icthy

Answer 16

fish

Question 17

chondro

Answer 17

cartilage

Question 18

chondrichthyes

Answer 18

cartilagenous fishes

Question 19

two different types of things together; prominent pectoral fins

Answer 19

chimera

Question 20

osteo

Answer 20

bone

Question 21

actinopterigii

Answer 21

ray-finned fish

Question 22

pteri

Answer 22

wing

Question 23

actino

Answer 23

ray

Question 24

are there more marine or fresh water fish

Answer 24

equal

Question 25

why are there so many more freshwater fish

Answer 25

freshwater is separated by land so more diverse fish evolve

Question 26

dipnoi

Answer 26

lungfish

Question 27

a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the these through its tubular branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic. The bronchioles eventually end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood. Carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can be exhaled.

Answer 27

lungs

Question 28

an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.

Answer 28

swim bladder

Question 29

each of the long, slender bony protuberances supporting the fins of most bony fishes.

Answer 29

fin rays

Question 30

swim bladder is a derived version of a (x) used for buoyancy

Answer 30

lung

Question 31

noi

Answer 31

lung

Question 32

found in south american, africa, aulstralia, below equator, two breathing mechanisms, spend most of their lives living in a cuncoon, feeds during monsoon season, live for a year or three at a time in cucoon

Answer 32

dipnoi, lungfish

Question 33

meaning of amphibia

Answer 33

double life

Question 34

urodela ex

Answer 34

salamanders and newts

Question 35

anurans ex

Answer 35

frogs and toads

Question 36

apoda ex

Answer 36

caecilians

Question 37

feathered, toothless, endotherms, gene sequence always comes up with reptiles as monophyletic group

Answer 37

birds

Question 38

toothless, carapace and plastron shells,

Answer 38

turtles

Question 39

squamates

Answer 39

lizards and snakes

Question 40

squamate means

Answer 40

scaly

Question 41

produce a toxic or repellent secretion with an effect on various vertebrate species; this is one of the principal elements in amphibian defense

Answer 41

granular gland

Question 42

produce a mucus which plays a part in a variety of functions: cutaneous respiration, reproduction, thermoregulation and defense

Answer 42

mucous gland

Question 43

The type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and prototherian (egg-laying) mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion. The shell of the egg is either calcium-based or leathery.

Answer 43

amniotic egg

Question 44

bony deposits forming scales, plates or other structures in the dermal layers of the skin

Answer 44

osteoderms

Question 45

Scales and feathers are (x) based

Answer 45

keratin

Question 46

rugose corals go extinct

Answer 46

permian-triassic

Question 47

trilobites go extinct

Answer 47

permian-triassic

Question 48

blastoids go extinct

Answer 48

permian-triassic

Question 49

brachiopods go nearly extinct and continue with reduced diversity

Answer 49

permian-triassic

Question 50

crinoids nearly extinct and continued with reduced diversity

Answer 50

permian-triassic

Question 51

ammonites go extinct

Answer 51

creataceous-tertiary

Question 52

hybodontid sharks go extinct

Answer 52

cretacious-tertiary

Question 53

dinosaurs (except birds) go extinct

Answer 53

cretacious-tertiary

Question 54

pterosuars go extinct

Answer 54

cretacious-tertiary

Question 55

plesiosaurs go extinct

Answer 55

cretacious-tertiary

Question 56

icthyosaurs go extinct

Answer 56

cretacious-tertiary

Question 57

mammals diversified

Answer 57

pretty recently

Question 58

most mesozoic mammals look like

Answer 58

rodents/possum

Question 59

types of mammals

Answer 59

monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians

Question 60

monotreme ex

Answer 60

platypus and kidna

Question 61

only mammal group that lays eggs, have hair and mammary glands, urinary and digestive and reproductive all come out one whole, both male and female have mammary glands

Answer 61

monotremes

Question 62

marsupial ex

Answer 62

kangaroo, possum, tasmanian devil

Question 63

fetus huddle on nipple, short period of development, then baby climbs into pouch thing, a lot in australia and south america

Answer 63

marsupials

Question 64

(x) usually do better than other groups when fighting for the same area

Answer 64

eutherians

Question 65

originally from africa, ex: elephants, manatees

Answer 65

afrotheria

Question 66

mostly in central and south america, only on in USA are armadillos; ex: sloths, anteaters

Answer 66

xenathra

Question 67

(x) toes are good for running

Answer 67

one

Question 68

animals that need to run often live in (x) environments

Answer 68

open area

Question 69

odd toed ungulates

Answer 69

perissodactyla

Question 70

perissodactyla ex

Answer 70

horse, rhino,

Question 71

even toed ungulates

Answer 71

cetartiodactyla

Question 72

cetartiodactyla ex

Answer 72

pigs, deer, giraffes, camels, cows, hippos, whales, dolphins

Question 73

ex of carnivora

Answer 73

cats, dogs, bears, weasels, seals

Question 74

chiroptera

Answer 74

bats

Question 75

bats have long ass

Answer 75

fingers

Question 76

keeping juvenile characteristics in adults

Answer 76

paedmorphic

Question 77

only group of humans with no nethanderthal genes

Answer 77

africans

Question 78

wealthy countries prodcue (x) offspring

Answer 78

less

Question 79

overall, the population is getting

Answer 79

older

Question 80

any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans, mammals, and some other animals.

Answer 80

hair

Question 81

the milk-producing gland of women or other female mammals.

Answer 81

mammary glands

Question 82

a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract for the release of both excretory and genital products in vertebrates (except most mammals) and certain invertebrates. Specifically, the cloaca is present in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes.

Answer 82

cloaca

Question 83

he more northern of two supercontinents that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent around 300 to 200 million years ago. Wikipedia

Answer 83

laurasia

Question 84

an ancient supercontinent that broke up about 180 million years ago. The continent eventually split into landmasses we recognize today: Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula.

Answer 84

gondwana

Question 85

a pouch that protects eggs, offspring, or reproductive structures, especially the pouch of a female marsupial mammal.

Answer 85

marsupium

Question 86

retention by an organism of juvenile or even larval traits into later life. There are two aspects of it: acceleration of sexual maturation relative to the rest of development (progenesis) and retardation of bodily development with respect to the onset of reproductive activity (neoteny).

Answer 86

paedomorphosis

Question 87

a perforated plate by which the entry of seawater into the vascular system of an echinoderm is controlled.

Answer 87

madreporite