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Biology 1 > Protist > Flashcards

Protist Flashcards

1
Q

The algae and the protozoa

A

Protista

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2
Q

Comprised of a single cell that may be flagellated or non-motile

A

Unicellular

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3
Q

Comprised of more than one cell, generally without any division of labor, that may be flagellated or non-motile

A

Colonial

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4
Q

Comprised of a chain of cells

A

Filamentous

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5
Q

Comprised of more than one cell, generally with division of labor, that may be flagellated or on-motile

A

Multicellular

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6
Q

Set of chromosomes from a single parent that is typically denoted as ā€œNā€

A

Haploid

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7
Q

Set of chromosomes from two parents and is typically denoted as ā€œ2Nā€

A

Diploid

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8
Q

Organic solvent-soluble photosynthetic pigment common to all plastid-bearing lineages and most Cyanobacteria

A

Chlorophyll a

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9
Q

Organic solvent-solvable photosynthetic pigment common to chloroplast bearing lineages and some Cyanobacteria

A

Chlorophyll b

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10
Q

Organic solvent-solvable photosynthetic pigment common to rhodoplast-bearing chromalveolates

A

Chlorophyll c

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11
Q

Water-soluble pigments common to all Cyanobacteria and all rhodophyta

A

Phycobilin

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12
Q

Organism that is capable of phtoautotrophy and chemoheteotrophy

A

Mixotroph

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13
Q

Reduction divison of cells with diploid. Nuclei that results in cells (typically 4) with haploid nuclei

A

Meiosis

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14
Q

Cell division that involves duplication of the nuclear material whereby the resulting daughter nuclei are separated into two daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

Reproduction generally involving the Union of haploid gametes or opposite mating types

A

Sexual reproduction

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16
Q

Reproduction that does not involve gametes but leads to progeny or cells that are largely identical (clones) of the parent organisms or parent cell

A

Asexual reproduction

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17
Q

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism resides inside the body or cells of another organism

A

Endosymbiosis

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18
Q

Early advocate of a theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis

A

Lynn marquis

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19
Q

Photoautotrophic (chlorophyll a and phycobolins) lineage of prokaryotes that share a common ancestor with plastids that were acquired by endosymbiosis

A

Cyanobacteria

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20
Q

Plastid type of the ā€œgreenā€ or virdiplantae lineage in the archaeplastida and which has been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis in some organisms like euglena and chlorarachnion

A

Chloroplast

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21
Q

Plastid type of the ā€œredā€ or rhodophyta lineage in the archaeplastida and which has been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis in some organisms like the dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, bacillariophyta, and phaeophyta

A

Rhodophyta

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22
Q

Endosymbiosis in which a cyanobacterium (prokaryote) was acquired as an endosymbiont in the cell of a eukaryotic chemoheterotroph where the cyanobacterial endosymbiont eventually evolved into a plastid

A

Primary endosymbiosis

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23
Q

Endosymbiosis in which a plastid-bearing (photoautotrophic) eukaryote was acquired as an endosymbiont in the cell of a eukaryotic chemoheterotroph where the plastid (and sometimes a reduced nucleus) of the endosymbiont was retained to serve the new host

A

Secondary endosymbiosis

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24
Q

Bilflagellate members of the euglenozoa (excavat) that include photoautotrophic with chloroplasts acquired by secondary endosymbiosis and flagella wit crystalline rods

A

Euglendids

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25
Flagellated members of the euglenozoa, some of which are parasites (eg trypanosoma), that possess mitochondria with distinctive mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplasts)
Kinetoplastida
26
Flagellated members of the excavata, some of which are parasites (eg giardia), that possess dikaryotic cells
Diplomonads
27
Cellular adaptation for ingestion of particles in protozoans
Oral groove
28
Eukaryotic super-group of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotic microbes that share common flagellated features
Excavata
29
Distinctive structure associated with flagella in the euglenozoa
Crystalline rod
30
Flagellated members of the excavata, some of which are parasites (eg trichomonas), that possess unique fibers at the base of the flagella
Parabasalids
31
Flagellated parabasalid that causes STD that is often mis-diagnosed as yeast infection
Trichomonas
32
Intestinal parasite in the diplomonad lineage
Giardia
33
Photoautotropohic euglenid that acquired a chloroplast by secondary endosymbiosis
Euglena
34
Member of the euglenozoa that exists as a blood parasite that causes trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness; chaga's disease)
Trypanosoma
35
Unusual mitochondrial DNA observed in a group of protists that bear the same name (kinetoplastida)
Kinetoplast
36
Alliance within the excavata that includes euglenids and trypanosoma
Euglenozoa
37
Biting fly of central Africa that lives on the blood of vertebrate animals and is the vector for African sleeping sickness (trypanosoma)
Tsetse fly
38
Biting bug of South America that is vector for chaga's disease
Reduviid bug
39
Trypanosomiasis brought on with the he bit of the tsetse bug
Sleeping sickness
40
Trypanosomiasis brought on with the bite of the reduviid bug
Chaga's disease
41
Pigmented region of a flagellated alga or protozoan that generally serves as a shading device that AIDS the photosensitive apparatus
Eyespot
42
Sub-cellular structure involved in maintaining water balance in algae or Protozoa and that functions by collecting and expelling (by contraction) excess water
Contractile vacuole
43
The alliance of alveolata and stramenopila
Chromalveolata
44
The diatoms
Bacillariophyta
45
Alga with silica cell walls, beta-1,3 linked storage polysaccharides and rhodoplasts that bear chlorophyll a and c
Diatoms
46
The brown algae including the kelps
Phaeophyta
47
Multicellular algae (mostly seaweeds) with cellulose cell walls, heterokont flagella, beta-1,3 linked storage polysaccharides and rhodoplasts that bear chlorophylls a and c
The brown algae
48
Bearing flagella or two (or more) types
Heterokont
49
Alliance that includes the diatoms and brown algae and is generally characterized by heterokont flagella where one flagellum I smooth and one flagellum is hairy
Straemenopila
50
The alliance of algae and Protozoa that are characterized by the presence of gaps (alveoli) along the cell periphery
Alveolata
51
Alveolate algae with cellulose cell walls, alpha-1,4 linked storage polysaccharides, heterokont flagella and rhodoplasts that bear chlorophylls a and c
Dinoflagellates
52
Alveolate Protozoa, including the plasmodium parasites (malaria), that bear an apicoplast which is thought to be descended from rhodoplasts but that no longer bear any photosynthetic pigments
Apicomplexans
53
Alveolata Protozoa, including paramecium, that bear numerous cilia on the cell surface and are dikaryotic bearing macro nuclei and micronuclei
Ciliates
54
Unusual organelle of the apicoplexans that is now regarded as a rhodoplasts that has lost most photosynthetic function
Apicoplast
55
Genus of apicomplexans responsible for malaria
Plasmodium
56
Blood disease in humans is caused by plasmodium where mosquitos (usually females who take blood meals when bearing young) serve as the vector of transmission
Malaria
57
Infective stage of plasmodium that develops in the salivary glands of the mosquito vector that can be delivered to a human host with the bite of the mosquito
Sporozoite
58
Infective stage of plasmodium that develops in either liver cells or in red blood cells in the human and are largely responsible for the symptoms of malaria in humans (recurrent lethargy, chills and fever)
Merozoite
59
Reproductive stage of plasmodium that develops in red blood cells in the human and must be passed to a mosquito where thy will develop into gametes (egg and sperm)
Gametocytes
60
Structure in the mosquito host that is produced by plasmodium and which houses the sporozoite stage which can infect humans
Oocyst
61
One of the ciliate dikaryon that is exchanged with other ciliate cells during conjugation (sexual reproduction)
Micronucleus
62
One of the ciliate dikaryon whose genres are expressed during the daily life of the ciliate cell and divides to produce micronuclei
Macronucleus
63
Short motile apparatus that bears the 9+2 microtubular arrangement observed in the much longer eukaryotic flagellum
Cilia
64
The principle inorganic component of glass
Silica
65
Diatoms genus with extensive fossil record (because the siliceous cell walls do not easily degrade with time) that has been interpreted as evidencing speciation
Rhizosolenia
66
Macroscopic algae
Seaweeds
67
Macroscopic brown algae
Kelp
68
The body of a plant that lacks vascular tissue
Thallus
69
A diplobionic life history that includes distinct haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sprophyte) generations
Alternation of generation
70
The gamete-producing haploid stage in alternation of generation
Gametophyte
71
The spore-producing diploid stage in alternation of generation
Sporophyte
72
Gametophyte and sporophyte are morphologically (but not physiologically) indistinguishable
Isomorphic alternation of generation
73
Gametophyte and sporophyte are morophologically distinct
Heteromorphic alternation of generation
74
Brown alga that demonstrates heterotrophic alternation of generation characterized by a macroscopic sporophyte stage and a filamentous gametophyte (male and female) stage
Laminaria
75
Asexual motile stage of algae and Protozoa
Zoospore
76
Structure that produces spores (usually) by meiosis
Sporangium
77
Structure that produces gametes
Gametangium
78
Male gamete (sperm) producing structure
Antheridium
79
Egg-producing cell
Oogonium
80
Eukaryotic supergroup that includes the Filipe amoebae
Rhizaria
81
Needle-like pseudopodia
Filose pseudopodia
82
Thick pseudopodia
Lobose pseudopodia
83
Member of the rhizobia, often referred to as forums, that produce calcium carbonate shells (tests) that have provided the group with an extensive fossil record
Foraminifera
84
A genus in the foraminifera
Globigerina
85
Alliance of eukaryotes that includes the Fungi and animalia
Opisthokonta
86
Opisthokont lineage of eukaryotes, many of which are characterized by cell walls made of chitin (a nitrogenous polysaccharide)
Fungi
87
Opisthokont lineage of eukaryotes that lacks cell walls
Animalia
88
Opisthoknot lineage of protozoa that bear similarity to choanocytes of sponges and is now regarded as a sister group to the animalia
Choanoflagellates
89
A sister group to the opisthokonts that includes the entamoebae and the gymnamoebae
Amoebozoans
90
Naked amoebae (e.g. Amoeba proteus) that are free-living chemoheterotrophs
Gymnamoeba
91
Parasite amoebae that lack mitochondria (by loss) and include the agents of amoebic dysentrery
Entamoeba
92
The species responsible for amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica
93
Eukaryotic supergroup comprised of the rhodophyta and the virdiplantae
Archaeplastida
94
The red algae
Rhodophyta
95
The red alga used as the wrap for sushi
Nori (porphyria)
96
Major lineage of green algae that includes chlamydomonas
Chlorophyta
97
Major lineage of green algae that includes chara and coleochaete
Charophyta
98
Alliance of charophyta and embryophtes (kingdom plantae)
Streptophyta
99
The embryo-bearing plants (kingdom plantae)
Embryophyta
100
The green plants which include the chlorophyta, the charophyta, and the embryophytes (kingdom plantae)
Virdiplantae
101
Plant-like member of the carophyta whose cells produce a phramoplast during cell division, have apical meristems and jacketed gametangia
Chara
102
Disk-shaped (with hairs) member of the charophyta whose cells produce a phragmoplast during cell division
Coleochaete

Biology 1 (14 decks)

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