Ankle Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
_______ ankle sprains account for about _____ of ankle sprains
A
Plantarflexion and inversion
90%
2
Q
The talus is the ___ largest tarsal
A
2nd
3
Q
What is the main weight bearing bone in the foot
A
Talus
4
Q
What shape is the talus
A
Square
5
Q
The most stable position of the ankle is in
A
Dorsiflexion
6
Q
Dorsiflexion
A
Anterior tibialis
7
Q
Plantarflexion
A
Gastrocnemius Soleus Posterior tibialis Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis
8
Q
Inversion
A
Anterior tibialis
Posterior tibialis
9
Q
Lateral ligament support
A
Anterior tibiofibular Posterior tibiofibular Anterior talofibular Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular
10
Q
Medial ligament support
A
Deltoid
11
Q
Primary eversion resister
A
Deltoid ligament
12
Q
Palpations should start with
A
Bony sites
13
Q
What is the purpose of palpation
A
To detect obvious defects, swelling, localized tenderness
14
Q
Bony palpation sights on the medial plane
A
Medial malleolus
Navicular
Talus
Cuneiforms
15
Q
Bony palpation sites on the lateral side
A
Lateral malleolus
Proximal base of the 5th metatarsal
Cuboid
16
Q
Soft palpation sites on the medial side
A
Deltoid ligament
17
Q
Soft palpation sites on the lateral side
A
Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Peroneal tendon Anterior tibiofibular ligament
18
Q
Soft palpation sites on the posterior side
A
Achilles’ tendon
19
Q
Restrains anterior displacement of talus
A
Anterior talofibular
20
Q
Restrains inversion of calcaneous
A
Calcaneofibular
21
Q
Restrains posterior displacement of talus
A
Posterior talofibular
22
Q
Prevents eversion and abduction of ankle
A
Deltoid ligaments
23
Q
Grade 1 inversion
A
CF ligament
24
Q
Grade 2 Inversion
A
CF and ATF
25
Grade 3 inversion
CF, ATF, and PTF
26
Grade 1 inversion and plantarflexion
ATF
27
Grade 2 inversion and plantarflexion
ATF and CF
28
Grade 3 inversion and plantarflexion
ATF, CF, and PTF
29
Grade 1 forced ER and hyper dorsiflexion
Anterior tibiofibular (ATiF) and posterior tibiofibular (PTiF)
30
Grade 2 forced ER and hyper dorsiflexion
ATiF, PTiF, and interosseous membrane
31
Grade 3 forced ER and hyper dorsiflexion
ATiF, PTiF, interosseous membrane and fracture of lateral malleolus
32
Grade 1 eversion
Deltoid ligaments and possible avulsion fracture or medial malleolus
33
Grade 2 eversion
Deltoid, joint instability, and interosseous membrane
34
Grade 3 eversion
Deltoid, joint instability, interosseous membrane and fracture of lateral malleolus
35
What are the functions of the foot?
The foot is critical in walking, running, jumping, and changing direction
Shock absorber
Lever that propels body forward, back and side to side
36
What do the arches of the foot do?
Support the body weight, shock absorb
37
First metatarsal is abnormally short, making second toe appear longer
Mortons toe
38
Morton's toe symptoms and treatment
Pain and point tenderness along 2nd metatarsal
Modified rest and non-weight bearing exercise
39
Fracture at the neck of the fifth metatarsal
Jones fracture
40
Jones fracture symptoms and treatment
Sharp pain on lateral border, hear a pop
Non-weight bearing short leg cast for 6-8 weeks
41
Painful deformity of head of first metatarsal
Bunion
42
Bunion symptoms and treatment
Tenderness, swelling, and enlargement
Proper shoes or surgery
43
Inflexibility of medial longitudinal arch, leg length discrepancy
Plantar fasciitis
44
Plantar fasciitis symptoms and treatment
Pain in anterior medial heel
Rigorous heel core stretching, night splint 8-12 weeks
45
Anterior drawer test
One hand grabs proximal to malleolus; one hand cups calcaneus and foot rests on forearm; shift calcaneus and talus anteriorly
46
Talar tilt
Same hand position as anterior drawer; tilt calcaneus into inversion and eversion
47
External rotation test
1 hand grabs proximal to malleolus; one hand grabs foot; externally rotate foot; can add dorsiflexion
48
Bump test
With foot relaxed, bump calcaneus with heel of hand; with foot passively dorsiflexed bump calcaneus with heel of hand
49
Squeeze test
Using heels of both hands and starting at mid lower leg, squeeze the tib/fib together as you go down to ankle
50
Thompson test
Athlete prone, squeeze muscle belly of gastrocnemius
51
Deep vein thrombosis test
Athlete supine; knee extended, ankle dorsiflexed, squeeze gastrocnemius
52
Active ROM
Athlete moves in 4 ankle movements; place hand on top, bottom, inside, and outside of ankle and they try to touch hand
53
Passive ROM
Athlete is a puppet and you move ankle in four movements
54
Resistive ROM
Hand stabilizes proximal malleolus, one hand resists movement of ankle
55
Functional testing
General ones that all athletes will have to do, sport and position specific
56
Ankle rehab phase 1
```
ABCs
Towel scrunches
Foam pick ups
Balancing on the floor (3x30 sec)
Calf stretch
Passive ROM
ICE
Compression wrap w/horseshoe
```
57
Ankle rehab phase 2
```
ABCs
Towel scrunches
Balancing (tramp or foam pad)
Calf stretch
Resisted ROM bands
Calf raises
Ice
Compression wrap with horseshoe
Bike
```
58
Ankle rehab phase 3
```
ABCs
Balancing (tramp) on one leg, catch ball
Calf stretch
Resisted ROM bands
Calf raises single leg
Functional activities
Ice
Compression wrap
Tape
```
59
Full release ankle rehab
```
Full strength
Sport specific testing
Full ROM
Support usually required
Tape
Brace
```
60
Functional activities
```
Walk on toes
Walk on heels
Walk on lateral border of feet
Walk on medial border of feet
Hop on both feet 10 times
Run forward 70-100%
Run backward 70-100%
Zig zag down and back
Figure 8
```
61
10 palpation sites
1. Squeeze midshaft of calf
2. Medial malleolus
3. Lateral malleolus
4. Base of the 5th metatarsal
5. Calcaneus
6. Achilles' tendon
7. Deltoid ligament
8. Syndesmosis
9. Posterior talofibular
10. Anterior talofibular
62
Why do we do ABCs
To increase range of motion and decrease swelling
63
Why do we do towel scrunches
Strength
64
Why do we balance for 30 seconds (3 times)
It takes 30 seconds for the muscle to enlongate and relax
65
How long do we ice
20 minutes
