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Sports Med 2 > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

The shoulder is susceptible to injury because _______

A

There is more mobility compromising the stability

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2
Q

This places great stress on the complex

A

Repetitive movements

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3
Q

Examples of repetitive movements

A

Throwing
Swimming
Serving in tenis or volleyball

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4
Q

FOOSHA

A

Falling on outstretched hand/arm

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5
Q

S shaped, 6 in long, supports anterior shoulder

A

Clavicle

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6
Q

Prone to fx because of shape and not protected

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

Flat, triangular, purpose is an articulating surface for the humerus

A

Scapula

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8
Q

Humerus structures

A

Head, neck, bicipital groove, greater and lesser tubercle and glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

Most frequent fracture

A

Clavicular

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10
Q

FOOSHA, direct impact, occurs in middle 3rd with athlete supporting arm, swelling deformity, point tenderness. They’ll often tip their head to the opposite side

A

Clavicular fracture

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11
Q

Direct blow or fall on arm with inability to move arm, swelling, point tenderness and discoloration

A

Humeral shaft fracture

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12
Q

Great danger to nerve and vessels, direct blow, discoloration, most likely at neck and can be mistaken for dislocation

A

Proximal humerus fracture

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13
Q

Young athlete 10 years and younger with a direct blow or indirect force applied to length of axis

A

Epiphyseal fracture

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14
Q

Brief translation of the humeral head without separation of the joint surfaces

Or in English, the joint comes out but goes back in

A

Subluxation

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15
Q

Most common dislocation

A

Anterior dislocation

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16
Q

Forced abduction, external rotation and extension, direct impact to the posterior or posteriolateral aspect with a flat deltoid, you can feel the humeral head and the athlete carries the affected arm in slight abduction and ER. They are unable to touch the opposite shoulder

A

Anterior dislocation

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17
Q

Forced adduction and IR or fall on outstretched and IR arm with labrum damage, severe pain and disability, limited ER and elevation

A

Posterior dislocation

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18
Q

Clavicle + manubrium of sternum, only direct connection between upper extremity and trunk

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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19
Q

Articulation disk that absorbs shock and allows movement

A

SC joint

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20
Q

Lateral end of clavicle and acromion process, weak junction

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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21
Q

Ball and socket joint, head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula held together by the glenoid labrum

A

Glenohumeral joint

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22
Q

Not a true joint, scapula + thoracic cage

A

Scapulathoracic joint

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23
Q

Pulls clavicle downward and toward sternum

A

Sternoclavicular ligament

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24
Q

What are you going to see in a grade 1 AC joint sprain

A

Mild point tenderness
Discomfort with movement
No deformity
Mild stretching of AC lig

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25
What are you going to see in a grade 2 AC joint sprain
``` Moderate tearing or rupture of AC lig Stretching or tearing of coracoclavicular lig Displacement of distal end of clavicle Moderate pain Unable to abduct arm through full ROM ```
26
What are you going to see in a grade 3 AC joint sprain
``` Rupture of the AC and CC lig Dislocation of clavicle Gross deformity LOF Instability ```
27
Athlete is sitting or standing, push down on clavicle
Piano key
28
Piano key positive test
Movement of clavicle
29
Athlete sitting or standing Heel of one hand on spine of scapula Heel of other hand on clavicle Squeeze
Compression/squeeze
30
Compression/squeeze positive test
Movement and pain
31
Forced abduction, external rotation, direct blow with pain w/movement and palpation, decreased ROM
Glenohumeral joint sprain
32
Athlete supine, stabilize the shoulder, hand around humerus, pull head anteriorly and push head posteriorly and inferiorly
GH glide/Load and shift
33
GH glide/Load and shift positive test
Laxity compared bilaterally
34
Athlete standing Stabilize shoulder Pull arm down Eyes on middle deltoid watching for sulcus (sucking in)
Sulcus
35
Sulcus positive test
Observable gap
36
Athlete sitting or standing | Passively put into external rotation w/humerus parallel to ground
Apprehension crank
37
Apprehension crank positive test
Apprehension/resistance
38
Overuse in overhead activity with pain in the anterior upper arm over bicipital groove while performing overhead activity
Bicipital tenosynovitis
39
Athlete is sitting or standing Elbow at 90 degrees and forearm pronated Athlete attempts to move into supination against resistance
Yergason’s test
40
Positive test for yeragsons
Pain in bicipital groove
41
Athlete sitting or standing One hand on bicipital groove Other hand is resisting movement at forearm Resist shoulder flexion
Speeds
42
Speeds positive test
Pain in bicipital groove
43
Athlete sitting or standing Bring both arms up to 90 degree flexion and 30 degrees of horizontal abduction Tell athlete to hold position and push down on arms
Empty can
44
Empty can positive test
Weakness or pain in shoulder
45
Athlete sitting or standing Athlete activity goes into full abduction Then drops down and holds at a 90 degree position
Drop arm
46
Positive test for drop arm
Athlete cannot hold a 90 degree position
47
Complains of diffuse pain, overhead activities increase pain, painful arc, pain in insertion of supraspinatus
Shoulder impingement
48
Athlete stands/sits or supine | Passively put into IR and bring shoulder into flexion
Neer
49
Neer’s positive test
Pain at AC joint
50
Athlete sitting or standing Passively put into shoulder flexion with elbow bent Passively IR the arm
Hawkins Kennedy
51
Hawkins Kennedy positive test
Pain at the AC joint
52
Buildup of fluid caused by chronic inflammation, overuse, or a direct impact and there is pain with movement and tenderness
Shoulder bursitis
53
What bursa is most inflamed with shoulder bursitis
Subacromial
54
Subjected to trauma with overhead positions compressing the bursa under the coracoarcemia arch; most important
Subacromial bursa
55
Subacromial nerve supply
Brachial plexus (C5-T1)
56
Subacromial blood supply
Subclavian, brachial and axillary arteries
57
Compression of brachial plexus and or subclavian artery with pain and paresthesia
TOCS “stingers”
58
Serratus anterior weakness means
2 scapula wing
59
Thoracic nerve injury means
One scapula wings
60
Describes the movement of the scapula relative to the movement of the humerus through a full range of movement
Scapulohumeral rhythm
61
How do you prevent a shoulder injury
1. Proper total physical training through full ROM 2. Proper warm up 3. Instruction on how to properly fall 4. Appropriate techniques must be taught
62
How do you fall
Shoulder pads Shoulder roll Not without stretched hand/arm
63
History
Type of pain | Specific movements that cause pain
64
Pins and needles
Radiating pain from cervical pathology
65
Sharp pain
Acute inflammation
66
Dull, aching, sense of heaviness
Chronic rotator cuff
67
Deep, aching pain in the neck, shoulder region
TOCS
68
Night pain
Rotator cuff tear
69
Burning pain
Acute tendinitis
70
Weakness, numbness
Nerve pathology
71
Pain with movement of the neck may mean
Cervical spine injury
72
Pain with shoulder external rotation may mean
Dislocation/subluxation
73
Pain with movement above 90 degrees
ACJ
74
Observations should be done
From all sides Anteriorly Posteriorly Laterally
75
When observing from all sides look for
``` Symmetry Hypertrophy Deformity Discoloration Swelling How is the shoulder carried ```
76
When observing from the anterior side look for
Step deformity at the ACJ | Flat deltoid
77
When observing from the lateral side look for
Kyphosis | Scoliosis
78
Shoulders slumped forward
Kyphosis
79
Forward or backward arm hang
Scoliosis
80
When observing from the posterior side look for
Muscle definition Scapulohumeral rhythm Scapular winging during flexion and abduction
81
Anterior bony palpations
``` Clavicle SC joint AC joint Coracoid process Humeral head Sternum Bicipital groove ```
82
Posterior bony palpation
``` Scapula Spine of scapula Medial border of scapula Inferior angle Lateral border ```
83
Anterior soft tissue palpation
``` AC and SC joint ligaments Deltoid Rotator cuff tendon Sternoclediomastoid Biceps muscle and tendon ```
84
Posterior soft tissue palpation
``` Rhomboids Levator scapulae Trapezius Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor/major Latissimus dorsi ```
85
Phase 1 Rehab
Wall walks Tubing Strengthening Pendulum
86
What do wall walks do
Regains ROM in flexion and abduction
87
What does tubing do?
Helps strengthen scapular stabilization
88
Types of strengthening for phase 1 rehab
I’s Y’s and T’s Rhomboids Wall pushups Ceiling punches
89
What is the purpose of the pendulum
Regains ROM
90
Phase 2 ROM
``` Stabilization Balancing Pushups Tubing Stretching Strengthening ```
91
Types of balancing for phase 2 rehab
Vibe plate | Dot drill
92
Types of stretching for phase 2 rehab
Corner (pec maj) Sleeper Posterior/anterior deltoid Triceps
93
Types of strengthening for phase 2
I’s, Y’s and T’s with weight Ceiling punch with weight Rhomboid row with weight
94
Phase 3 rehab
``` Plyometrics Strengthening Pushups Tubing Balancing ```
95
Examples of plyometrics
Pushups Trampoline Catch and throw medicine ball
96
Strengthening for phase 3 rehab
I’s, Y’s, and T’s on ball with weight
97
Shoulder PNF
Ceiling punch Pitching Shrugs Shiver
98
Ceiling punch
Resist protection and retraction
99
Pitching
Extended fingers, wrist, elbow, arm | Flex fingers, wrist and horizontal adduction across the chest
100
Shrugs
Athlete does a shoulder shrug up and down with arm in 90 degrees of elbow flexion, examiner resists
101
Shiver
Athlete is supine with elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and moved their arm in flexion and extension while examiner resists
102
Throwing analysis steps
``` Windup Cocking Acceleration Release-Deceleration Follow through ```
103
Prepares the body posture and balance in preparation of the cocking phase Phase starts when the ball leaves the glove Key concept is balance
Windup
104
Shoulder abduction and extension, scapula retracted Throwing arms is fully externally rotated Humerus parallel to the ground Shoulder is still pointed at partner
Cocking
105
Very fast, explosive, short phase Body brought forward with arm following behind Opposite leg strides forwards Elbow at or slightly above parallel
Acceleration
106
Majority of posterior shoulder pain comes from this phase Elbow extends upon release Arm 45 degree angle to body Striding foot on the ground pointing at partner
Release-deceleration
107
Throwing shoulder goes across body | Full torso rotation over foot stride
Follow through

Sports Med 2 (16 decks)

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