Knee Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Largest sesamoid in the body
A
Patella
2
Q
Fibrocartilage disks that make the rounded femoral condyles fit to support the joint and cushion the knee joint
A
Menisci
3
Q
Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply
A
Avascular necrosis
4
Q
Prevents tibia from moving forward and femur back
A
Anterior cruciate ligament
5
Q
Prevents tibia from sliding back and femur forwards
A
Posterior cruciate ligament
6
Q
Stabilized knee and protects from valgrus force
A
Medial collateral ligament
7
Q
Resists varus force applied to medial surface of knee
A
Lateral collateral ligament
8
Q
Cushion the front of the knee
A
Fat pads
9
Q
Knock knees, tension on medial aspect
A
Genu valgum
10
Q
Bow legs, tension on the lateral aspect
A
Genu varum
11
Q
Blood in the joint
A
Hemarthrosis
12
Q
Soft tissue diagnosis tool
A
MRI
13
Q
Anterior gliding of the tibia
A
Translation
14
Q
Valgus stress test
A
Place one hand on the lateral aspect of the knee and the other on the medial aspect of the ankle. Apply a valgus force to the knee at 0 and 30 degrees.
15
Q
Positive test for Valgus stress test
A
Pain and laxity at the MCL
16
Q
LCL special test
A
Varus stress test
17
Q
What is the varus stress test
A
Place one hand on the medial aspect of the knee and the other on the lateral ankle. Apply a varus force to the knee at 0 and 30 degrees.
18
Q
Varus positive test
A
Pain/laxity at LCL
19
Q
What is the special test for the ACL
A
Lachmans and anterior drawer
20
Q
What is the lachmans test
A
Firmly grasp the distal femur and the proximal tibia. With the knee in slight flexion pull the tibia anteriorly
21
Q
Lachmans positive test
A
Laxity compared to uninsured side
22
Q
What is the anterior drawer test
A
Put the athlete in knee flexion. Place hands in the superior aspect of the gastrocnemius and pull anteriorly
23
Q
When is the anterior test positive
A
Pain and the tibia moves forward
24
Q
Knees are designed to:
A
Provide stability and mobility
25
The knee is the most ______ joint in the body
Complex
26
The knee is a _______ joint
Hinge
27
Stability depends on the
Ligaments, joint capsule and muscles
28
The knee is unstable in which directions
Laterally and medially
29
How many bursae are around the knee?
2 dozen
30
The ______ fat pad is the largest
Infrapatellar
31
What is the purpose of the fat pad?
Cushions the front of the knee and separates the patella tendon from the joint capsule
32
Tibial nerve supplies the
Semitendinosis, semimembranosus, and gastrocnemius
33
Peroneal nerve supplies the
Biceps femoris
34
Femoral nerve supplies the
Quadriceps
35
_______ artery stems from the femoral artery
Popliteal
36
Leg alignment questions
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Are the patellas level?
Patellas facing forward?
Can the athlete touch the medial femoral condyles and medial malleoli together?
Are the knees fully extended?
Are both knees equally extended?
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37
Genu valgum
Knock knees
38
Symptoms of knock knees (genu valgum)
Pronated feet
Tension on ligaments
Compression of lateral aspects
Abnormal tightness of IT band
39
Genu varum
Bow legs
40
Genu varum (bow legs) symptoms
Tension on ligaments on lateral surface of knee/IT band
| Supinated foot
41
Genu recurvatum
Hyperextended knees and
42
Symptoms of genu recurvatum (hyperextended knees)
Compensation for lordosis
Stretching of hamstring muscles
Produces anterior pressure on knee, posterior ligaments and tendons
43
What is the Q angle?
When lines are drawn from the middle of the patella to the anteriorsuperior spine of the illium and from the tubercle of the tibia through the center of the patella
44
What is a normal Q angle?
10 degrees for males, 15 for females
45
If you have a Q angle greater than 20 what does it mean
It is considered excessive and could lead to knee pain and injuries
46
How do you measure the Q angle?
With the knee fully extended and flexed at 30 degrees
47
Longest and strongest bone
Femur
48
Sesamoid: bone within tendon
| Shock absorber
Patella
49
Primary weight bearing bone in lower leg
Tibia
50
Bears no weight, attachment site for muscles
| Gives stability to ankle
Fibula
51
Protects from valgus (medial) displacement
Medial collateral ligament
52
Protects from varus (lateral) displacement, taut during knee extension
Lateral collateral ligament
53
Most frequently ruptured, protects from anterior tibia motion, made of three twisting bands
Anterior cruciate ligament
54
Protects from posterior displacement, stronger than ACL
Posterior cruciate ligament
55
Most common injured ligament in the knee
MCL
56
Valgus stress, lateral blow w/ foot fixation, serve twist that causes swelling, limited ROM, pain, LOF, and instability
MCL injury
57
Mild ligament fibers torn or stretched but joint is stable with mild or no swelling, mild pain, stiffness and joint tenderness
MCL grade 1
58
Tearing of the capsule, partial tear of MCL, moderate instability, swelling, joint stiffness
MCL grade 2
59
Complete tear of MCL and supporting ligaments, complete loss of medial stability, severe pain and swelling, LOF and hear a pop
MCL grade 3
60
Varus stress, medial blow with pain, inflammation, instability and LOF
LCL sprain
61
Torsion, (foot fixation with twisting) or a blow. Typically happens in female soccer players and they hear a pop, then rapid swelling and pain
ACL sprain
62
Severe hyperextension, or a fall w/knee flexed to 90 degrees
Symptoms: feeling a pop in back of knee, tenderness, little swelling, instability and pain
PCL injury
63
PCL special tests
Posterior drawer and posterior sag
64
Posterior drawer procedure
W/athlete in knee flexion push posteriorly on tibia
65
Positive test for posterior drawer
Laxity compared bilaterally
66
Posterior sag procedure
Athlete lies supine with knees and hips flexed to 90. Hold the tibias at 90 and look for sagging of the proximal tibia
67
Positive test for posterior sag
Sagging of proximal tibia
68
C-shaped, attached to medial facet tibia
Medial meniscus
69
O-shaped, attached to lateral aspect of tibia
Lateral meniscus
70
What are the three zones
Red, red-white, and white-white
71
Two oval fibrocartilages that deepen the articulation and cushion any stresses placed on the knee joint
Meniscus
72
Red zone:
Outer 1/3, good vascular supply
73
Red-white zone
Middle 1/3, has minimal blood supply
74
White-white zone:
Inner 1/3 is avascular
75
Higher incidence of injury, it attaches to tibia and capsular ligament
Meniscus injury
76
Firm foot fixation with rotary force (torsion) while the knee is extended or flexed, cutting motion, squatting
Meniscus injury
77
What are the symptoms for a meniscus injury
Swelling, discoloration
| Pain along the joint, loss of ROM, locking, clicking, buckling
78
Cutting with foot fixation in younger athletes
Bucket handle
79
Torsion
Parrot beak
80
Forced flexion
Loose body
81
Types of meniscus injuries
Bucket handle
Parrot beak
Loose body
82
How do you treat a meniscus injury
MRI, surgery, ice, rom,
83
Anterior thigh (quadriceps)
Vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
84
What is the movement of the quadriceps
Knee extension
85
Posterior thigh (hamstrings)
Semimembranosus, semitendinosis, biceps femoris
86
What is the movement of the hamstrings
Knee flexion
87
Medial thigh (groin)
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus
88
What is the movement of the medial thigh
Hip adduction
89
Lateral thigh
Tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius
90
Lateral thigh movement
Hip abduction
91
Lower leg
Gastrocnemius
92
Lower leg movement
Knee flexion
93
Compression force, blow to the soft tissue of the thigh with inflammation, discoloration, and loss of ROM
Quad contusion
94
Sudden stretching contraction (jumping, kicking) with pain, spasm, loss of function
Quad strain
95
Muscle fatigue, faulty posture, leg length discrepancy, tight hamstrings, improper form with discoloration, pain, LOF, swelling
Hamstring strain
96
Continued kneeling or falling directly on the knee with localized swelling and redness
Bursitis
97
Jumping, kicking, or running may place extreme tension on the knee with vague tenderness and pain
Patellar tendinitis (jumpers knee)
98
When an athlete plants the foot, decelerates, and simultaneously cuts in an opposite side from the weight beating foot
Patella dislocation
99
Rapidly growing immature adolescent knee, repeated pull of the patella tendon at tibial tubercle
Osgood-schlatter disease
100
Overuse condition in runners or cyclists with tenderness, mild swelling, increased warmth, and redness over the lateral femoral condyle
IT band tendinitis (runners knee)
101
When can an athletic trainer go on the field for an injury in lacrosse
When the ref stops play and allows you on
102
What are the offense positions in lacrosse
1st, 2nd, 3rd home, and 2 attack wings
103
What are the defense positions in lacrosse
Center, 2 wings, point, cover point, 3rd man and goalie
104
During a track meet, what locations will injuries most likely occur?
Pole vault, finish line and over hurdles
105
Return to play criteria
Full ROM
Full strength
Pain free
106
Functional activities
Walking
Jogging
Running
Spiriting
107
What is the long term goal of rehab
To return the injured athlete to practice or competition as quickly and safely as possible
108
Short term goals of rehab
Maintain or improve flexibility, restore or increase strength, reestablish neuromuscular control, and maintain level of cardiovascular fitness
109
Rehab goals
To prevent de-conditioning and to restore the injured part to a pre-injury status
110
Phase 1 rehab
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Heel slides
Quadriceps contractions
Knee extension (no weight)
Pilates (clams, 90/90)
Balancing
Bike workout
Hamstring curls (no bridge)
4 way hip exercises
Stretching
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