Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck Flashcards by Susannah Bath

what structures are found in the posterior compartment of the neck

spinal cord
vertebral column
muscles
cervical nerve

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lateral compartments contents

carotid sheath
IVJ
vagus
common carotid

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contents of the anterior compartment

thyoid, parathyroid, oesophagus, trachea

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what is the motor innervation of trapezius and SCM

spinal accessory

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what muscles form the boundaries of the lateral and anterior cervical regions/ posterior and anterior triangles

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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what nerves supply pain and proprioception to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

C2 and 3

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what are the attachments of trapezius

lateral third of clavicle 
acromion
spine of scapula
occipital bone- superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance 
nuchal ligament 
spinous processes  (C7-T12)

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what are the functions of trapezius

rotate the scapula during abduction of the humerus

elevate, adduct and depress the scapula

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what are the functions of sternocleidomastoid

draws the head forwards, tilts and rotates the head

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what are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid

mastoid process and superior nuchal line

sternum (manubrium)

medial third of clavicle

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what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

posterior border SCM
Ant border of trapezius
inf clavicle
apex where SCM and trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line
roof:investing layer
floor:muscles enclosed by prevertebral layer

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where do trapezius and SCM meet superiorly

superior nuchal line

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what covers the posterior triangle

skin and platysma

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what forms the floor of the posterior triangle

muscles in the prevertebral column:
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
posterior and middle scalene
ant scalene is usually deep to SCM

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where is middle scalene muscle

posterior tubercle of TP C5-7

1st rib, groove for subclavian

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where is anterior scalene

transverse processes C3-C6

1st rib

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what is the function of anterior scalene

nodding and side to side movements

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what is the function of middle scalene

lateral flexion of the neck

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what is the function of levator scapulae

fixes scapula, elevates and extends neck, lateral flexion of neck

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what is the nerve supply to anterior scalene

C4-6

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what are the three parts of subclavian artery in relation to anterior scalene muscle

medial
posterior
lateral

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what is axillary fascia a continuation of

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

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what is the root value of the phrenic nerve (muscle supply)

c3, 4, 5

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what is the root number of ansa cervicalis (muscle supply)

c1,2,3

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what is the cervical plexus made of

anterior rami of c1-4

what is the lesser occipital nerve (cutaneous)

greater auricular and transverse cervical nerves (cutaneous)

c2,3

supraclavicular nerves (cutaneous)

c3-4

what does ansa cervicalis innervate (c1-3)

infrahyoid muscles

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

median line of neck anterior border SCM inferior border of mandible jugular notch of manubrium

what is the roof of the anterior triangle

subcutaneous tissue containing platysma

what is the floor of the anterior triangle

pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland

what is the innervation of platysma

cervical branch of facial nerve

where does the anterior belly of the digastric muscle attach to the hyoid

digastric fossa of mandible (V3)

what is the attachment of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

mastoid notch of temporal bone (cn 7)

what are the attachments of stylohyoid

styloid process greater wing of hyoid bone cn 7

what are the attachments of geniohyoid

inferior mental spine of mandible | body of hyoid

what are the attachments of mylohyoid

mylohyoid line of mandible body of hyoid via V3

what does the submental triangle contain

submental lymph nodes and tributaries of ant juglular vein

what is the function of digastric

ant- elevates and steadies the hyoid bone when swallowing or speaking

what is the function of mylohyoid

elevates the hyoid and tongue when swallowing and speaking

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle

mandibular symphysis anterior belly of digastric muscle hyoid bone mylohyoid muscle

what is the contents of the submandibular triangle

submandibular gland and submandibular lymph nodes cn 12 and V3 branches facial artery and vein

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle

inferior surface is the body of the mandible | posterior and anterior bellies of digastric muscle

what is the digastric sling

derived from pretracheal layers and allows digastric muscle to pass from ant to posterior

what are the borders of the carotid triangle

post belly of digastric muscle sup belly omohyoid ant border of SCM

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate

sup thyroid cartilage

what is the nerve supply to the carotid body

cn 11 and 10

what is the function of stylohyoid

elevates and retracts hyoid to elongate the floor of the mouth

what is the function of geniohyoid

shortens the floor of the mouth

what is the carotid sinus

baroreceptor

what is the carotid body

chemoreceptor

what are the attachments of thyrohyoid

oblique line of thyroid cartilage inferior border of body and greater horn C1 via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

what are the attachments of omohyoid

scapula inferior border of hyoid C1-C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis

what are the attachments of sternohyoid

manubrium and medial clavicle body of hyoid C1-C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis

what is the effect of sternohyoid on the hyoid bone

depresses hyoid during swallowing

what is the effect of omohyoid

depresses retracts and steadies the hyoid

what is the function of thyrohyoid

depresses hyoid and elevates the larynx

what is the attachment of sternothyroid

posterior surface of manubrium | inserts on oblique line of thyroid cartilage

what is the function of sternothyroid

depresses hyoid and larynx

what is the innervation of sternothyroid

c2 and c3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

what are the parts of the thyroid gland

pyramidal lobe right and left lobes isthmus

where is the thyroid gland

thyroid cartilage to 5th tracheal ring | visceral compartment of neck

what is the arterial supply to the thyroid gland

superior thyroid artery (1st branch of ext carotid) inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid

superior thyroid vein (IVJ) middle thyroid vein (IJV) inferior thyroid vein (brachiocephalic)

where are the parathyroid glands

posterior surface of thyroid gland

what is the blood supply of the parathyroid glands

inferior thyroid arteries same venous drainage as thyroid

what does the external jugular vein drain into

subclavian

Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck Flashcards

(68 cards)