Face, scalp and muscles of mastication Flashcards by Susannah Bath

what are the boundaries of the scalp

superior nuchal line on the occipital bone
supraorbital margins of frontal bone
zygomatic arches laterally

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what are the layers of the scalp

skin 
dense connective tissue
aponeurosis 
loose connective tissue 
pericranium

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what does the dense connective tissue on the scalp contain

richly vascularised

cutaneous nerves

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what does the epicranial aponeurosis contain

tendon and muscle of the occipitofrontalis

prevents superficial wounds from gaping open

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what does the loose connective tissue contain

loose areolar tissue
allows free movement of outer layers of overlying calvaria

contains spaces which allow accumulation of fluid or infection spread such as eyelid and nose

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what is the innervation of the scalp

Cn V (V1, 2, 3) and cervical nerves from C2 and 3

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what nerves supply the anterior part of the scalp

branches of the trigeminal nerve

supraorbital
supratrochlear
zygomaticotemporal
auriculotemporal

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what nerves supply the posterior part of the scalp

C2 and 3

greater occipital
lesser occipital
third occipital
greater auricular

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what is the blood supply to the anterior scalp

internal carotid

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what is the blood supply to the posterior and lateral scalp

external carotid

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where does the occipital vein drain to

internal jugular

all others are external jugular

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What are the branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the scalp

supra orbital

supratrochlear

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what are the branches of the external carotid that supply the scalp

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

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what is the posterior lymph drainage of the scalp

mastoid and occipital nodes to deep cervical nodes

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what is the anteriorr lymph drainage of the scalp and face

pre auricular and parotid nodes

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what is the innervation of the muscles of mastication

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve V3

temporalis
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoid

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where does temporalis originate

temporal fossa and fascia

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where does temporalis insert (closes the mouth)

coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible near last molar

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what is the innervation of temporalis

deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3

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what is the origin of masseter (elevator)

zygomatic arch (deep part) and maxillary process of zygomatic bone (superficial)

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what is the insertion of masseter

lateral surface of ramus of mandible

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what is the innervation of masseter

masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of V3

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what is the origin of medial pterygoid

medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process and pyramidal process of palatine bone (deep head)

tuberosity of pyramidal process of maxilla (sup head)

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what is the insertion of medial pterygoid

medial surface of mandible near the angle

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what is the function of medial pterygoid

elevation and side to side movements

what is the innervation of medial pterygoid

nerve to medial pterygoid of V3

what is the origin of lateral pterygoid

upper head- roof of infratemporal fossa | lower head - lateral surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process

what is the insertion of lateral pterygoid

capsule of TMJ and pterygoid fovea

what are the functions of lateral pterygoid

protrusion, side to side movements and depression

what is the innervation of lateral pterygoid

nerve to lateral pterygoid from the anterior trunk or buccal nerve of V3

what muscles retract the mandible

posterior fibres of temporalis deep part of masseter

what muscles cause side to side movements

lateral and medial pterygoid

what muscles are supplied by the facial nerve (7)

``` buccinator orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris occipitofrontalis platysma ```

what is the origin of buccinator

posterior part of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe

what is the function of buccinator

press the cheeks against the teeth and it compresses distended cheeks. It also assists in smiling

what is the innervation of buccinator

buccal branches of Cn 7

describe the position of the parotid duct

lies of top of masseter | pierces buccinator and buccal fat pad en route to the oral cavity where it enters near the 2nd molar

what is the insertion and origin of obicularis oris

buccinator and surrounding muscles also medial mandible and maxilla inserts into mucous membrane of lips

what is the function of obicularis oris

close and protude the lips, keeps food in mouth

name the smaller muscles of facial expression and mouth movements

``` mentalis risorius depressors levators zygomaticus maj and min ```

what is the origin and insertion of platysma

subcutaneous tissue of infra and supraclavicular regions base of mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, angle of mouth and lower lip

what is the function of platysma

depress the mandible and tense the skin of the inferior face and neck

what is the innervation of platysma

7 (cervicofacial branch)

what is the origin and insertion of occipitofrontalis

* frontal belly originates from the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts into skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows. * occipital belly originates from the lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis

what is the innervation of occipitofrontalis

temporal branch posterior auricular nerve of CN7

what is the function of occipitofrontalis

move the scalp, wrinkle forehead, and raise the eyebrows

what is the origin and insertion of obicularis oculi

* (palpebral) originates from the medial palpebral ligament and inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe at the ligament. * (orbital) originates from the nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, and medial palpebral ligament and inserts into skin around margin of orbit

what are the functions of orbicularis oculi

close the eyelids

what is the innervation of orbicularis oculi

temporal and zygomatic branches of CN 7

describe the course of the facial nerve

leaves via interal acoustic meatus exits through stylomastoid foramen gives of post auricular and digastric branch before entering the parotid gland

what two branches arise from the facial nerve inside the parotid gland

upper/ temporofacial ( temporal and zygomatic lower/ cervicofacial (cervical, buccal, marginal mandibular)

what mnemonic can be used to remember the branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

two zebras befriended my cat ``` temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical ```

what are the layers of the eyelid

``` skin connective tissue muscle orbital septum tarsus conjunctiva ```

what is the opening of the eyelids called

palpebral fissure

review details of the lacrimal apparatus

drake 882-3

orbital septum

anterior border of orbit continuos with periosteum

tarsus

eyelid support

what is the blood supply of the eyelids

``` ext carotid (facial, transverse facial, sup temporal) int carotid (supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal) ```

what is the venous drainage of the eyelids

parotid nodes

what is the innervation of the eyelids

V1 and 2

what is the blood supply of the ears

ext carotid and ext jugular

what is the lymphatic drainage of the ears

parotid, mastoid and deep cervical

what is the innervation of the ears

Cn 7 and 10 surrounding muscles are 7

what muscles move the ears

anterior, superior and posterior auricular

what are the muscles of facial expression related to the nose

nasalis, depressor septi nasi, levator labii superioris

what is the blood supply of the face

mostly ext carotid but also int carotid

what are the branches of the ext carotid which supply the face

facial, buccal, mental, infraorbital, transverse facial

where can the facial artery be palpated

inferior border of mandible or anterior to the auricle

what branches of internal carotid supply the face

zygomaticofacial | zygomaticotemporal

where does the facial vein drain

internal jugular | drains most of the face

what vein drains some of the upper face

transverse facial vein

what is the danger zone

triangle from between eyes down to lips infection from cavernous sinus to cranium due to many venous connections and valveless veins

what do the submental lymph nodes drain

inferior chin from medial lower lip and chin

what do the pre auricular and parotid nodes drain

near ear, eyelids, lateral cheek and external nose

what do the submandibular nodes drain

follows facial artery from medial orbit to external nose, medial cheek, upper lip, lateral lower lip

what modality is the mandibular nerve

motor and sensory

what modality is the opthalmic and maxillary nerve

sensory

Face, scalp and muscles of mastication Flashcards

(77 cards)