Flashcards in Face, scalp and muscles of mastication Deck (77)
1
what are the boundaries of the scalp
superior nuchal line on the occipital bone
supraorbital margins of frontal bone
zygomatic arches laterally
2
what are the layers of the scalp
skin
dense connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium
3
what does the dense connective tissue on the scalp contain
richly vascularised
cutaneous nerves
4
what does the epicranial aponeurosis contain
tendon and muscle of the occipitofrontalis
prevents superficial wounds from gaping open
5
what does the loose connective tissue contain
loose areolar tissue
allows free movement of outer layers of overlying calvaria
contains spaces which allow accumulation of fluid or infection spread such as eyelid and nose
6
what is the innervation of the scalp
Cn V (V1, 2, 3) and cervical nerves from C2 and 3
7
what nerves supply the anterior part of the scalp
branches of the trigeminal nerve
supraorbital
supratrochlear
zygomaticotemporal
auriculotemporal
8
what nerves supply the posterior part of the scalp
C2 and 3
greater occipital
lesser occipital
third occipital
greater auricular
9
what is the blood supply to the anterior scalp
internal carotid
10
what is the blood supply to the posterior and lateral scalp
external carotid
11
where does the occipital vein drain to
internal jugular
(all others are external jugular)
12
What are the branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the scalp
supra orbital
supratrochlear
13
what are the branches of the external carotid that supply the scalp
superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital
14
what is the posterior lymph drainage of the scalp
mastoid and occipital nodes to deep cervical nodes
15
what is the anteriorr lymph drainage of the scalp and face
pre auricular and parotid nodes
16
what is the innervation of the muscles of mastication
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve V3
temporalis
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoid
17
where does temporalis originate
temporal fossa and fascia
18
where does temporalis insert (closes the mouth)
coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible near last molar
19
what is the innervation of temporalis
deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3
20
what is the origin of masseter (elevator)
zygomatic arch (deep part) and maxillary process of zygomatic bone (superficial)
21
what is the insertion of masseter
lateral surface of ramus of mandible
22
what is the innervation of masseter
masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of V3
23
what is the origin of medial pterygoid
medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process and pyramidal process of palatine bone (deep head)
tuberosity of pyramidal process of maxilla (sup head)
24
what is the insertion of medial pterygoid
medial surface of mandible near the angle
25
what is the function of medial pterygoid
elevation and side to side movements
26
what is the innervation of medial pterygoid
nerve to medial pterygoid of V3
27
what is the origin of lateral pterygoid
upper head- roof of infratemporal fossa
lower head - lateral surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process
28
what is the insertion of lateral pterygoid
capsule of TMJ and pterygoid fovea
29
what are the functions of lateral pterygoid
protrusion, side to side movements and depression
30
what is the innervation of lateral pterygoid
nerve to lateral pterygoid from the anterior trunk or buccal nerve of V3
31
what muscles retract the mandible
posterior fibres of temporalis
deep part of masseter
32
what muscles cause side to side movements
lateral and medial pterygoid
33
what muscles are supplied by the facial nerve (7)
buccinator
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
occipitofrontalis
platysma
34
what is the origin of buccinator
posterior part of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe
35
what is the function of buccinator
press the cheeks against the teeth and it compresses distended cheeks. It also assists in smiling
36
what is the innervation of buccinator
buccal branches of Cn 7
37
describe the position of the parotid duct
lies of top of masseter
pierces buccinator and buccal fat pad en route to the oral cavity where it enters near the 2nd molar
38
what is the insertion and origin of obicularis oris
buccinator and surrounding muscles also medial mandible and maxilla
inserts into mucous membrane of lips
39
what is the function of obicularis oris
close and protude the lips, keeps food in mouth
40
name the smaller muscles of facial expression and mouth movements
mentalis
risorius
depressors
levators
zygomaticus maj and min
41
what is the origin and insertion of platysma
subcutaneous tissue of infra and supraclavicular regions
base of mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, angle of mouth and lower lip
42
what is the function of platysma
depress the mandible and tense the skin of the inferior face and neck
43
what is the innervation of platysma
7 (cervicofacial branch)
44
what is the origin and insertion of occipitofrontalis
•frontal belly originates from the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts into skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows.
•occipital belly originates from the lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis
45
what is the innervation of occipitofrontalis
temporal branch posterior auricular nerve of CN7
46
what is the function of occipitofrontalis
move the scalp, wrinkle forehead, and raise the eyebrows
47
what is the origin and insertion of obicularis oculi
•(palpebral) originates from the medial palpebral ligament and inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe at the ligament.
•(orbital) originates from the nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, and medial palpebral ligament and inserts into skin around margin of orbit
48
what are the functions of orbicularis oculi
close the eyelids
49
what is the innervation of orbicularis oculi
temporal and zygomatic branches of CN 7
50
describe the course of the facial nerve
leaves via interal acoustic meatus
exits through stylomastoid foramen
gives of post auricular and digastric branch before entering the parotid gland
51
what two branches arise from the facial nerve inside the parotid gland
upper/ temporofacial ( temporal and zygomatic
lower/ cervicofacial (cervical, buccal, marginal mandibular)
52
what mnemonic can be used to remember the branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland
two zebras befriended my cat
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
53
what are the layers of the eyelid
skin
connective tissue
muscle
orbital septum
tarsus
conjunctiva
54
what is the opening of the eyelids called
palpebral fissure
55
review details of the lacrimal apparatus
drake 882-3
56
orbital septum
anterior border of orbit continuos with periosteum
57
tarsus
eyelid support
58
what is the blood supply of the eyelids
ext carotid (facial, transverse facial, sup temporal)
int carotid (supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal)
59
what is the venous drainage of the eyelids
parotid nodes
60
what is the innervation of the eyelids
V1 and 2
61
what is the blood supply of the ears
ext carotid and ext jugular
62
what is the lymphatic drainage of the ears
parotid, mastoid and deep cervical
63
what is the innervation of the ears
Cn 7 and 10
surrounding muscles are 7
64
what muscles move the ears
anterior, superior and posterior auricular
65
what are the muscles of facial expression related to the nose
nasalis, depressor septi nasi, levator labii superioris
66
what is the blood supply of the face
mostly ext carotid but also int carotid
67
what are the branches of the ext carotid which supply the face
facial, buccal, mental, infraorbital, transverse facial
68
where can the facial artery be palpated
inferior border of mandible or anterior to the auricle
69
what branches of internal carotid supply the face
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal
70
where does the facial vein drain
internal jugular
drains most of the face
71
what vein drains some of the upper face
transverse facial vein
72
what is the danger zone
triangle from between eyes down to lips
infection from cavernous sinus to cranium due to many venous connections and valveless veins
73
what do the submental lymph nodes drain
inferior chin from medial lower lip and chin
74
what do the pre auricular and parotid nodes drain
near ear, eyelids, lateral cheek and external nose
75
what do the submandibular nodes drain
follows facial artery from medial orbit to external nose, medial cheek, upper lip, lateral lower lip
76
what modality is the mandibular nerve
motor and sensory
77