Brainstem tutorial

Question 1

Which cranial nerves are found in the midbrain

Answer 1

3 and 4

Question 2

which cranial nerves are found in the pons

Answer 2

5,6,7,8

Question 3

which cranial nerves are found in the medulla

Answer 3

9,10,11,12

Question 4

what is the function of the Edinger Westphal nucleus (3, occulomotor)

Answer 4

controls pupillary constriction and lens accomodation
parasympathetic

general visceral motor

Question 5

what is the function of the occulomotor nucleus (3, occulomotor)

Answer 5

controls all extraocular eye muscles

motor

Question 6

what is the function of the trochlear nucleus (4)

Answer 6

controls superior oblique muscles of the eye

motor

Question 7

what is the function of the abducens nucleus (6)

Answer 7

lateral rectus muscles of the eye

motor

Question 8

what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nucleus (8)

special sensory

Answer 8

balance and hearing, postural reflexes via the vestibulospinal tracts

located on the lateral side due to it being special sensory, in the pons/ medulla

Question 9

in what disease can patients develop vestibulospinal tract disfunction (postural reflexes)

Answer 9

Parkinsons

Question 10

what is the function of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (sensory)

Answer 10

proprioception from the mouth

Question 11

what is the function of the trigeminal motor nucleus

Answer 11

muscles of mastication

Question 12

what is the function of the trigeminal pontine sensory nucleus

Answer 12

facial discriminating touch

Question 13

what is the function of the trigeminal spinal nucleus

Answer 13

pain and temperature sensation from the face, back of tongue, pharynx, larynx and ear

Question 14

what is the function of the facial nucleus

Answer 14

controls muscles of facial expression (motor)

located under the vestibulocochlear nucleus

Question 15

what is the function of the hypoglossal nucleus

Answer 15

controls tongue muscles

Question 16

what is the function of the nucleus ambiguus (motor, cn 9 and 10)

Answer 16

motor to pharynx and larynx

also contributes to cn9

Question 17

what is the function of the salivatory (and lacrimal) nucleus (cn 7 and 9) (psymp)

Answer 17

controls lacrimal and nasal glands (7) and salivary glands (7 and 9)

Question 18

what is the function of solitary nucleus (7, 9, 10, sensory)

Answer 18

taste (7, 9, 10)

carotid baroreceptors (9)

visceral afferent from pharynx, larynx, lungs, gut (10)

Question 19

what is the function of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (psymp)

Answer 19

secretory motor to lungs and gut, heart rate

Question 20

what is special visceral motor/efferent

Answer 20

motor supply to muscles from pharyngeal arches

Question 21

where is the Edinger westphal nucleus located (3, pupillary constriction)

Answer 21

midbrain, close to the midline due to motor

general visceral motor (psymp)

Question 22

where is the trochlea nucleus located (superior oblique muscles of the eye)

Answer 22

near the midline, midbrain

somatic motor

Question 23

where is abducent nucleus located (lateral rectus muscle of the eye)

Answer 23

pons, right next to the midline

somatic motor

Question 24

where is the spinal accesory nucleus located

Answer 24

close to the midline, medulla

special visceral motor

Question 25

where is the hypoglossal nucleus located (controls tongue muscles)

Answer 25

next to the midline, medulla somatic motor

Question 26

describe the layout of nuclei in the brainstem from medial to lateral

Answer 26

``` somatic motor special visceral motor general visceral psymp motor general visceral psymp sensory special visceral psymp sensory somatic sensory special sensory ```

Question 27

where is the trigeminal motor nucleus located

Answer 27

pons, close to the midline | special visceral motor

Question 28

where is the trigeminal motor nucleus located (muscles of mastication)

Answer 28

close to midline, pons

Question 29

where is the trigeminal sensory nucleus located (faciali discriminating touch)

Answer 29

pons | close to the lateral side

Question 30

where is the facial motor nucleus (muscles of facial expression), special visceral motor

Answer 30

close to the midline, in the pons

Question 31

what nuclei are part of the facial nerve

Answer 31

motor nucleus, sup salivary, nucleus solitarus, sensory nuclues

Question 32

what modality is the nucleus solitarius

Answer 32

general and special visceral sensory

Question 33

where are the vagal nuclei

Answer 33

in the medulla

Question 34

what non cranial nerve nuclei are found in the midbrain

Answer 34

medial geniculate, red nucleus, substantia nigra, sup colliculus, inf colliculus, reticular formation

Question 35

what is the function of the medial geniculate nucleus (midbrain)

Answer 35

relay auditory stimuli to the cerebral cortex

Question 36

what si the function of the red nucleus (midbrain)

Answer 36

motor coordination (extra pyramidal system)

Question 37

what is the funciton of the substantia nigra (midbrain)

Answer 37

motor coordination (extra pyramidal system)

Question 38

what is the function of the superior colliculus (midbrain)

Answer 38

eye movements in response to stimuli

Question 39

what is the function of the inferior colliculus (midbrain)

Answer 39

head and upper body movements in response to stimuli

Question 40

what is the function of the reticular formation (midbrain)

Answer 40

consciousness and cortical arousal

Question 41

which non cranial nerve nuclei is found in the pons

Answer 41

reticulat formation

Question 42

what is the function of the reticular formation (midbrain, medulla and pons)

Answer 42

link between cerebral cortex and cerebellum | consciousness and cortical arousal

Question 43

what non cranial nerve nuclei are found in the medulla

Answer 43

olive vital center non vital center reticular formation

Question 44

what is the function of the oilve (medulla)

Answer 44

``` auditory control (sup) movement control (inferior) ```