DR- oral and nasal cavities

Question 1

what fascia encloses the bony and muscular columns of the neck

Answer 1

prevertebral fascia

Question 2

where is the retropharyngeal space

Answer 2

between the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia, extends through to the superior and posterior mediastina and extends to the diaphragm

Question 3

what structures emerge from the jugular foramen

Answer 3

9, 10 and 11 nerves

internal jugular vein

Question 4

what muscles attach to the midline raphe

Answer 4

superior, middle and inferior constrictors

Question 5

what is the function of the pharyngobasilar fascia

Answer 5

attaches the superior constrictor to the skull and holds the pharynx open

Question 6

where is the oropharyngeal isthmus

Answer 6

between the palatoglossal arches

Question 7

where is the laryngeal inlet

Answer 7

between the epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds

Question 8

where is the laryngeal inlet

Answer 8

between the epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds

Question 9

where is the palatine tonsil

Answer 9

between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Question 10

how can you identify the palatine tonsil

Answer 10

cobbled appearance of the surface of the tongue

Question 11

what recesses can be found in the throat

Answer 11

epiglottic valleculae and the piriform recess

Question 12

what recess is above the superior concha

Answer 12

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 13

what arteries anastomose in the nasal cavity

Answer 13

internal and external carotids

Question 14

which muscles open the auditory tube during swallowing

Answer 14

palatine

Question 15

where is the adenoid (nasopharyngeal) tonsil

Answer 15

roof of the nasopharynx

Question 16

what air sinuses open into the nasal cavity in the sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 16

sphenoidal air sinuses

Question 17

where is the bulla ethmoidalis and hiatus semilunaris found

Answer 17

middle meatus

Question 18

what is the function of hiatus semilunaris

Answer 18

openings for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoidal sinus.

Question 19

what is the bulla ethmoidalis

Answer 19

middle ethmoidal air cells are found within it

Question 20

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to

Answer 20

inferior meatus

Question 21

what is the soft palate and aponeurosis of

Answer 21

tensor palate, with levator palate inserting from above

Question 22

what structure separates the oral cavity from the pharynx

Answer 22

anterior pillar of fauces (ridge raised by palatoglossus)

Question 23

what structure marks the inferior border of the laryngopharynx

Answer 23

lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 24

what membrane attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

Answer 24

thyrohyoid membrane

this means that the hyoid bone, larynx and pharynx are all suspended together from the skull

Question 25

what is the function of thyroarytenoid

Answer 25

rocks the thyroid backwards to shorten the vocal cords

Question 26

what muscles alter the vocal folds in order to change the pitch of the voice

Answer 26

cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid and vocalis

Question 27

what muscle opens the rima glottis i.e. abducts the vocal folds

Answer 27

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 28

which muscle close rima glottis

Answer 28

lateral crico arytenoid and transverse arytenoid

Question 29

what muscle closes the laryngeal inlet

Answer 29

oblique arytenoid

Question 30

what throat muscles are used in heavy lifting to counteract the rise in intra abdominal pressure

Answer 30

lateral crico arytenoid and transverse arytenoid closes the rima glottides which means the diaphragm cannot be pushed upwards by the rise in intra abdominal pressure

Question 31

what structure attaches to the medial pterygoid plates

Answer 31

pharyngobasilar fascia and superior constrictor

Question 32

what is the function of the pharyngeal tubercle on the occipital bone

Answer 32

provides attachment for the midline pharyngeal raphe that runs posteriorly between the constrictor muscles

Question 33

what muscle attaches to the apex of the petrous temporal bone

Answer 33

levator palati

Question 34

where is the scaphoid fossa

Answer 34

superior end of the medial pterygoid plate

Question 35

what is the function of the scaphoid fossa

Answer 35

gives attachment to tensor palati

Question 36

what structure is found in the groove between the scaphoid fossa and the petrous temporal bone

Answer 36

cartilaginous part of the auditory tube lies

Question 37

what is the function of cricopharyngeus (part of the inferior constrictor)

Answer 37

forms a sphincter which prevents air entering the oesophagus and stomach

Question 38

name the pharyngeal elevators

Answer 38

stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus