Anterior triangle neurovascular bundle

Question 1

what are the contents of the carotid triangle

Answer 1

thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, carotid sheath, branches of cervical plexus, superior rooot of ansa cervicalis, deep cervical lymph nodes and parts of cn 11 and 12

Question 2

what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle (a subdivision of the anterior triangle)

Answer 2

omohyoid, SCM, digastric

Question 3

what structure is most medial in the carotid sheath

Answer 3

common carotid

Question 4

what structure is most lateral in the carotid sheath

Answer 4

internal jugular vein

Question 5

what structure is most posterior in the carotid sheath

Answer 5

vagus nerve

Question 6

where does the carotid sheath run to

Answer 6

from the foramen of the carotid canal to the aortic arch

Question 7

what is the carotid canal

Answer 7

the passageway in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa

lateral to the sella turcica

Question 8

at what level does the common carotid bifurcate

Answer 8

c3/4

Question 9

does the internal carotid branch in the neck

Answer 9

no- it ascends and enters the carotid canal to supply the brain

Question 10

what is the carotid sinus

Answer 10

an enlargement of the internal carotid artery just above the bifurcation of common carotid
contains baroreceptors in the wall of ICA

monitors blood pressure

Question 11

what is the innervation of the carotid sinus and carotid body

Answer 11

cn 9 via the carotid sinus nerve and vagus via the tractus solitarius

Question 12

what modality is the tractus solitarius

Answer 12

sensory only

Question 13

what cranial nerves are found in the tractus solitarius

Answer 13

7, 9 and 10

Question 14

what information does the nucleus solitarius receive

Answer 14

taste from 7 and 9

sensory from the ear via 10

carotid body chemoreceptors via 9

general visceral afferent pathway via 9 and 10

Question 15

where does information from the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus travel to

Answer 15

cardioregulatory and vasomotor centres in the medulla

Question 16

what is the carotid body

Answer 16

small organ which houses chemoreceptors located at the bifurcation of common carotid

Question 17

what is the function of the carotid body

Answer 17

monitors blood O2, CO2, pH and temp

can increase resp, blood pressure and heart rate

Question 18

at what level is the carotid body and sinus

Answer 18

superior border of thyroid cartilage and c3/4

Question 19

what are the branches of external carotid artery

Answer 19

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal 
lingual 
facial 
occipital 
posterior auricular
superficial temporal 
maxillary

Question 20

what are the two terminal branches of external carotid

Answer 20

superficial temporal

maxillary

Question 21

what are the branches of the maxillary artery

Answer 21

deep auricular
tympanic
middle meningeal 
buccal 
deep temporal 
pharyngeal artery 

and more

Question 22

what passes through the foramen spinosum

Answer 22

middle meningeal artery and vein

meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve

Question 23

what does the internal jugular vein continue from

Answer 23

sigmoid sinus

Question 24

what foramina does the internal jugular vein exit through

Answer 24

jugular foramen and then enters carotid sheath

lateral to common carotid

Question 25

what veins drain into the internal jugular vein

Answer 25

SIGMOID SINUS ``` inferior petrosal sinus pharyngeal occipital facial lingual superior thyroid middle thyroid ```

Question 26

what vein does the internal jugular vein join to become the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 26

subclavian

Question 27

what muscle runs across the internal jugular vein

Answer 27

omohyoid

Question 28

where does the external jugular vein begin

Answer 28

angle of the mandible, joins retromandibular and post auricular veins

Question 29

what does the posterior auricular vein drain

Answer 29

scalp behind ear

Question 30

what veins drain into the external jugular

Answer 30

posterior external jugular transverse cervical suprascapular

Question 31

what muscle does external jugular cross over

Answer 31

sternocleidomastoid

Question 32

what vein does external jugular drain into

Answer 32

subclavian after piercing investing fascia

Question 33

where do the anterior jugular veins arise

Answer 33

near the hyoid bone and run either side of the midline through subcutaneous tissue

Question 34

how do the anterior jugular veins communicate across the midline

Answer 34

via the jugular venous arch

Question 35

what does the anterior jugular vein drain into

Answer 35

subclavian

Question 36

what is the innervation of platysma

Answer 36

cervical branches of facial nerve

Question 37

what is the innervation of digastric muscle and stylohyoid

Answer 37

branches of facial nerve

Question 38

what foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit via

Answer 38

jugular foramen

Question 39

what vessels does glossopharyngeal travel between

Answer 39

internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

Question 40

describe the pathway of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 40

travels forward to the oral cavity some branches travel down to the carotid sinus and body, to pharynx (sensory) and to stylopharyngeus (motor)

Question 41

what foramen does the vagus nerve exit the skull via

Answer 41

jugular foramen

Question 42

what are the branches of the vagus nerve

Answer 42

branch to the pharynx, carotid body branch superior laryngeal nerve cardiac branch

Question 43

what vessels is the reccurent laryngeal near

Answer 43

``` subclavian artery (r) arch of aorta (L) ```

Question 44

what is aphonia

Answer 44

inability to speak due to damage to the pharynx or mouth

Question 45

what foramen does the spinal accessory nerve exit via

Answer 45

jugular foramen

Question 46

what structures pass through the jugular foramen

Answer 46

cn 9, 10 and 11 and the internal jugular vein

Question 47

what does the spinal accessory nerve innervate

Answer 47

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

Question 48

what does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull via

Answer 48

hypoglossal canal

Question 49

what is the function of the transverse cervical nerve (ant rami of c2 and 3)

Answer 49

cutaneous innervation over scm and anterior triangle

Question 50

what is the function of ansa cervicalis (ant rami of c1-3)

Answer 50

innervates infrahyoid muscles

Question 51

what are strap muscles (4)

Answer 51

infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid omohyoid

Question 52

what does the cervical plexus supply

Answer 52

strap muscles diaphragm via the phrenic skin of ant/lat neck inf head