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Gross Anatomy III > Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • midline
  • mandible
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2
Q

What is the roof of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue and platysma)

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3
Q

What is the floor of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

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4
Q

What are the four triangles within the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  • Submandibular (digastric)
  • Submental
  • Carotid
  • Muscular
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5
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
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6
Q

Origin and insertion of mylohyoid

A

O: Mylohyoid line of mandible
I: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid

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7
Q

Origin and insertion of geniohyoid

A

O: Inferior mental spine of mandible
I: Body of hyoid

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8
Q

Origin and insertion of stylohyoid

A

O: Styloid process of temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid

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9
Q

Origin and insertion of digastric

A

O: digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid notch of temporal bone (posterior belly)
I: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid

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10
Q

Innervation of mylohyoid

A

Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)

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11
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve CN XII and nerve to geniohyoid

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12
Q

Innervation of stylohyoid

A

Stylohyoid (preparotid) branch of facial nerve CN VII

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13
Q

Innervation of digastric anterior belly

A

Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

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14
Q

Innervation of digastric posterior belly

A

Digastric (preparotid) branch of facial nerve CN VII

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15
Q

What are the main actions of mylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

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16
Q

What are the main actions of geniohyoid?

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

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17
Q

What are the main actions of stylohyoid?

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth

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18
Q

What are the main actions of digastric?

A

Working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

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19
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
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20
Q

Origin and insertion of sternohyoid

A

O: Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I: Body of hyoid

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21
Q

Origin and insertion of omohyoid

A

O: Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
I: Inferior border of hyoid

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22
Q

Origin and insertion of sternothyroid

A

O: Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of thyrohyoid

A

O: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid

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24
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid

A

C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

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25
Innervation of omohyoid
C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
26
Innervation of sternothyroid
C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
27
Innervation of thyrohyoid
C1 via hypoglossal nerve CN XII and nerve to thyrohyoid
28
What are the main actions of sternohyoid?
Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
29
What are the main actions of omohyoid?
Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid
30
What are the main actions of sternothyroid?
Depresses hyoid and larynx
31
What are the main actions of thyrohyoid?
Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
32
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
Mandible and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
33
What is the floor of the submandibular triangle?
* Mylohyoid * Hyoglossus * Styloglossus * Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
34
What nerves can be found in the submandibular triangle?
* Hypoglossal * Glossopharyngeal * Mylohyoid * Lingual
35
What arteries can be found in the submandibular triangle?
* Facial * Submental * Lingual
36
What vein can be found in the submandibular triangle?
Common facial vein
37
What are the lymph nodes in the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular lymph nodes
38
What gland fills the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland
39
Where is the superficial part of the submandibular gland?
Superficial to mylohyoid
40
Where is the deep part of the submandibular gland?
Deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus
41
The lingual nerve loops under...
submandibular duct
42
The submandibular duct arises from ___ and opens into ___
arises from **deep part of submandibular gland** and opens into **sublingual papilla** beside base of lingual frenulum
43
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the submandibular gland?
Lingual nerve
44
What motor nerve travels with the lingual nerve to supply the submandibular gland?
Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor from facial nerve (chorda tympani)
45
#submandibular gland Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor from facial nerve (chorda tympani) synapse in ___ then travel with arteries
synapse in **submandibular ganglion** (suspended from lingual nerve) then travel with arteries
46
Where do sympathetics to the submandibular gland come from?
Superior cervical ganglion (travels with arteries)
47
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Right and left anterior belly of digastric, hyoid bone
48
What is the floor of the submental triangle?
Right and left mylohyoid muscles that meet in a median raphe
49
What nerve can be found in the submental triangle?
Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)
50
What artery can be found in the submental triangle?
Submental artery (branch of facial artery)
51
What vein can be found in the submental triangle?
Beginning of anterior jugular vein (if present)
52
What muscles make up the "floor of mouth"?
Suprahyoid muscles
53
What muscles can be found in the submental triangle?
* Suprahyoid muscles * Extrinsic muscles of the larynx * Infrahyoid muscles (depress mandible)
54
A portion of the parotid gland lies within which triangle?
Digastric triangle
55
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
* Superior belly of omohyoid * Posterior belly of digastric * Anterior border of SCM
56
Which triangle contains the common carotid artery?
Carotid triangle
57
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
Superior border of thyroid cartilage (C3-C4)
58
What is the carotid sinus?
Dilation at bifurcation of common carotid artery and into internal carotid artery
59
The baroreceptor of the carotid sinus is innervated by...
CN IX and X and sympathetic
60
What is the carotid body?
Small dark mass of tissue on deep side of bifurcation of common carotid artery
61
The chemoreceptor of the carotid body is innervated by...
CN IX and X and sympathetic
62
What does the carotid sheath contain?
* Carotid arteries (medial) * Internal jugular vein (lateral) * Vagus nerve CN X (posterior)
63
Which triangle contains deep cervical lymph nodes?
Carotid triangle
64
Where is ansa cervicalis?
Embedded in fascia of anterolateral aspect of carotid sheath (carotid triangle)
65
How many branches of the internal carotid artery are present in the neck?
None
66
How many branches of the external carotid artery are present in the neck?
Six branches and two terminal branches
67
Name eight branches off the external carotid artery in the neck
* Superior thyroid artery * Ascending pharyngeal artery * Lingual artery * Facial artery * Occipital artery * Posterior auricular artery * Maxillary artery * Superficial temporal artery
68
What artery comes from the superior thyroid artery?
Superior laryngeal artery
69
The cervical plexus has ventral rami of...
C1-C4
70
#cervical plexus C2-C4 divide into ___ branches that unite with branches of adjacent spinal nerves to form ___
divide into **ascending and descending branches** that unite with branches of adjacent spinal nerves to form **loops**
71
The cervical plexus lies anteromedial to...
levator scapulae and middle scalene
72
The cervical plexus lies posterior to...
SCM
73
The superficial branches of the cervical plexus are...
sensory
74
Name 4 nerves in the cervical plexus
* Lesser occipital nerve (C2) * Great auricular nerve (C2-C3) * Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3) * Supraclavicular nerves (C3-C4) (medial, intermediate, lateral)
75
Where is ansa cervicalis in relation to the carotid sheath?
Anterior to or integrated into carotid sheath
76
What spinal levels form the superior root of ansa cervicalis?
C1 and C2; joins and descends from hypoglossal nerve
77
What spinal levels form the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?
C2 and C3
78
What does ansa cervicalis innervate?
* Omohyoid * Sternothyroid * Sternohyoid
79
Thyrohyoid receives ___ fibers that travel with ___
receives **C1** fibers that travel with **hypoglossal nerve** (nerve to thyrohyoid)
80
Cervical plexus deep branches are...
motor
81
What are the deep branches of the cervical plexus?
* Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) * Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) * Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) * Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) * Nerves to prevertebral muscles
82
The long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) pierces through which muscle in the neck?
Middle scalene muscle
83
What type of innervation will the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) provide the cervical plexus?
Motor, sensory, and sympathetic
84
Where is the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) in relation to the scalene muscles?
Lies on the surface of anterior scalene muscle
85
Which muscles are innervated by nerves to prevertebral muscles?
* Longus colli * Longus capitus * Rectus capitus anterior * Rectus capitus lateralis * Anterior scalene * Middle scalene * Posterior scalene
86
What are the sensory and motor branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?
Sensory: internal laryngeal nerve Motor: external laryngeal nerve
87
The internal laryngeal nerve pierces...
thyrohyoid membrane (with superior laryngeal artery)
88
The external laryngeal nerve travels inferiorly paralleling...
superior thyroid artery
89
What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?
Cricothyroid
90
The cervical sympathetic trunk is posterior to...
carotid sheath
91
Are there white rami communicantes from cervical spinal levels to the cervical sympathetic trunk?
No
92
The cervical sympathetic trunk has ___ cervical ganglion that receive ___ from ___
has **three** cervical ganglion that receive **preganglionic fibers** from **T1-T5**
93
Postganglionic fibers of cervical sympathetic trunk travel to...
spinal nerve (gray rami communicantes), thoracic viscera, and head and neck viscera (travel with arteries)
94
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
* Superior belly of omohyoid * Anterior border of SCM * Anterior midline of neck
95
What are the pericervical lymph nodes?
* Submental * Submandibular * Parotid * Mastoid * Occipital
96
Superficial lymph vessels follow...
veins
97
Deep lymph vessels follow...
arteries
98
All lymph vessels drain into... along...
drain into **deep cervical lymph nodes** along **internal jugular vein**
99
The carotid sinus and body are located at which vertebral level?
C3-C4

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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