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Gross Anatomy III > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8 bones (2 paired, 4 unpaired)

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2
Q

What is the intramembranous ossification of the neurocranium?

A

Calvaria

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3
Q

What is the endochondral ossification of the neurocranium?

A

Cranial base

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4
Q

How many bones make up the viscerocranium?

A

15 bones (6 paired, 3 unpaired)

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5
Q

What does the viscerocranium form from?

A

Mesenchyme of pharyngeal arches

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6
Q

Does the viscerocranium have intramembranous ossification?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the cranial tables?
What are they separated by?

A

Internal and external cortical bone tables separated by diploe trabecular bone

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8
Q

What are buttresses of the cranium?

A

Thicker areas of cranial bone helping transmit forces around weaker areas of bone

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9
Q

Where are cranial walls thinner?

A

Thinner where muscles cover the skull
Thinnest walls at pterion

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10
Q

Which artery will travel through the position of the pterion?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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11
Q

Where are Le Fort fractures found?

A

Portions of the maxilla

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12
Q

Where are common mandible fractures?

A
  • Around coronoid process
  • Around condylar process
  • Across body at angle
  • Beside mental protuberance
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13
Q

Which bony features are considered part of the face in cranial development?

A

Sinuses, teeth, nose

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14
Q

The face makes up ___ of the cranium in children and ___ of the cranium in adults

A

1/8 of cranium in children and 1/3 of cranium in adults

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15
Q

Name the four fontanelles

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Sphenoidal
  • Mastoid
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16
Q

Name the four fontanelle closures

A
  • Bregma
  • Lambda
  • Pterion
  • Asterion
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17
Q

When are sutures obliterated?

A

~30-40 years of age

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18
Q

What is the metopic suture?

A

Persistent frontal suture

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19
Q

What is craniosynostosis?
How common is it?

A

Premature suture closure
1 in 2,000 births

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20
Q

craniosynostosis

What is scaphocephaly?
How does it appear?

A

Premature closure of sagittal suture
Increased A-P dimension

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21
Q

craniosynostosis

What is oxycephaly/turricephaly?
How does it appear?

A

Premature closure of coronal suture
Increased superior to inferior dimension

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22
Q

craniosynostosis

What is plagiocephaly?
How does it appear?

A

Premature closure of coronal or lambdoidal suture on one side only
Twisted or asymmetrical skull shape

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23
Q

air sinuses

Name the pneumatic sinuses

A
  • Frontal
  • Maxillary
  • Sphenoidal
  • Ethmoidal
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24
Q

What are the components of the scalp?

A

S- skin
C- connective tissue (dense CT), blood vessels, and nerves
A- aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
L- loose areolar tissue
P- pericranium/periosteum

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25
What are the cranial meninges?
* Dura mater * Arachnoid mater * Pia mater
26
#cranial meninges What are the layers of the dura mater?
* External periosteal layer * Internal meningeal layer
27
#cranial meninges What are the components of the arachnoid mater?
* Subarachnoid space * Arachnoid granulations
28
Name the four dural folds
* Falx cerebri * Tentorium cerebelli * Falx cerebelli * Diaphragma sellae
29
#dural folds Where is falx cerebri?
Runs in longitudinal cerebral fissure Crista galli to internal occipital protuberance
30
#dural folds Where is tentorium cerebelli?
Between occipital lobes and cerebellum
31
#dural folds Where is falx cerebelli?
Separates cerebellar hemispheres
32
#dural folds Where is diaphragma sellae?
Roof over hypophyseal fossa
33
What are venous sinuses?
Sinuses between dural layers
34
#venous sinuses Where is the superior sagittal sinus?
Superior border of flax cerebri
35
#venous sinuses Where is the inferior sagittal sinus?
Inferior border of falx cerebri
36
#venous sinuses What is the confluence of sinuses?
Union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein
37
#venous sinuses What is the union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein?
Confluence of sinuses
38
#venous sinuses Name the paired sinuses
* Transverse sinus * Sigmoid sinus * Cavernous sinus
39
#venous sinuses Where is the cavernous sinus?
Lateral to sella turcica
40
#venous sinuses Transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus lead from ___ to ___
lead from confluence of sinuses to jugular foramen
41
#venous sinuses Where can the hypophyseal fossa be found?
Cavernous sinus
42
#venous sinuses What are the contents of the hypophyseal fossa in the cavernous sinus?
* CN III * CN IV * V1 * V2 * CN VI * Internal carotid artery
43
#venous sinuses The contents of the hypophyseal fossa of the cavernous sinus will associate with...
orbit, face, meninges, and brain
44
What is the innervation of the scalp?
* CN V trigeminal * Ventral and dorsal rami of C2 and C3
45
What is the innervation of the cranial dura?
Meningeal branches of CN V, CN X, and dorsal rami of C2 and C3
46
What are three branches of CN V trigeminal?
* V1 Ophthalmic nerve * V2 Maxillary nerve * V3 Mandibular nerve
47
The trigeminal nerve includes its three branches and...
trigeminal ganglion
48
The basilar artery is the joining of...
right and left vertebral arteries
49
The middle meningeal artery is a branch of...
maxillary artery
50
Name three major arteries of the cranium
* Basilar artery * Middle meningeal artery * Internal carotid artery
51
The scalp is supplied by branches of which two arteries?
Internal and external carotid arteries
52
What branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp?
* Supratrochlear * Supraorbital
53
What branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp?
* Superficial temporal * Posterior auricular * Occipital
54
Where are optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries found in the skull?
Optic canals (in middle cranial fossa)
55
Where can CN V2 maxillary nerve be found in the skull?
Foramen rotundum (middle cranial fossa)
56
Where can CN V3 mandibular nerve and accessory meningeal artery be found in the skull?
Foramen ovale (middle cranial fossa)
57
Where can the middle meningeal artery and vein, and meningeal branch of CN V3 be found in the skull?
Foramen spinosum (middle cranial fossa)
58
Where can CN XI accessory be found in the skull?
Foramen magnum (posterior cranial fossa)
59
Where can CN IX, X, and XI be found in the skull?
Jugular foramen (posterior cranial fossa)
60
Where can CN XII hypoglossal be found in the skull?
Hypoglossal canal (posterior cranial fossa)

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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