Deep Neck Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
The root of the neck is the area immediately superior to…
A
superior thoracic aperture and axillary inlet
2
Q
What is the anterior boundary of the root of neck?
A
Superior margin of manubrium, sternum, and clavicle
3
Q
What is the posterior boundary of the root of neck?
A
Body of T1
4
Q
What is the lateral boundary of the root of neck?
A
Superior margins and costal cartilages of ribs 1 and 2
5
Q
Name four prevertebral muscles of the root of neck that are posterior to retropharyngeal space and medial to neurovascular plane
A
- Longus coli
- Longus capitis
- Rectus capitus anterior
- Anterior scalene
6
Q
Name five prevertebral muscles of the root of neck that are posterior to neurovascular plane
A
- Rectus capitus lateralis
- Splenius capitus
- Levator scapulae
- Middle scalene
- Posterior scalene
7
Q
What is the superior attachment of longus colli?
A
Anterior tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3 and transverse processes of C3-C6
8
Q
What is the inferior attachment of longus colli?
A
Bodies of C5-T3, transverse processes of C3-C5
9
Q
What is the superior attachment of longus capitis?
A
Basilar part of occipital bone
10
Q
What is the inferior attachment of longus capitis?
A
Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes
11
Q
What is the superior attachment of rectus capitis anterior?
A
Base of cranium, just anterior to occipital condyle
12
Q
What is the inferior attachment of rectus capitis anterior?
A
Anterior surface of lateral mass of C1
13
Q
What is the superior attachment of anterior scalene?
A
Transverse processes of C3-C6
14
Q
What is the inferior attachment of anterior scalene?
A
1st rib
15
Q
What innervates longus colli?
A
Anterior rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves
16
Q
What are the main actions of longus colli?
A
Flex neck with rotation to opposite side if acting unilaterally
17
Q
What innervates longus capitis?
A
Anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves
18
Q
What is the main action of longus capitis?
A
Flex head
19
Q
What innervates rectus capitis anterior?
A
Branches from loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves
20
Q
What is the main action of rectus capitis anterior?
A
Flex head
21
Q
What innervates anterior scalene?
A
Cervical spinal nerves C4-C6
22
Q
What is the main action of anterior scalene?
A
Flex head
23
Q
Longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and anterior scalene are muscles of which cervical triangle?
A
Posterior triangle
24
Q
Rectus capitis lateralis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, and posterior scalene are muscles of which cervical triangle?
A
Posterior triangle
25
What is the superior attachment of rectus capitis lateralis?
Jugular process of occipital bone
26
What is the inferior attachment of rectus capitis lateralis?
Transverse process of C1
27
What is the inferior attachment of splenius capitis?
Inferior half of nuchal ligament and spinous processes of superior six thoracic vertebrae
28
What is the superior attachment of splenius capitis?
Lateral aspect of mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line
29
What is the superior attachment of levator scapulae?
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C6
29
What is the inferior attachment of levator scapulae?
Superior part of medial border of scapula
30
What is the superior attachment shared between middle and posterior scalenes?
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7
31
What is the inferior attachment of middle scalene?
Superior surface of 1st rib, posterior to groove for subclavian artery
32
What is the inferior attachment of posterior scalene?
External border of 2nd rib
33
What innervates rectus capitis lateralis?
Branches from loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves
34
What are the main actions of rectus capitis lateralis?
Flexes head and helps stabilize it
35
What innervates splenius capitis?
Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves
36
What are the main actions of splenius capitis?
Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side; acting bilaterally, extends head and neck
37
What innervates levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve C5 and cervical spinal nerves C3 and C4
38
What are the main actions of levator scapulae?
Downward rotation of scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
39
What innervates middle scalene?
Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
40
What are the main actions of middle scalene?
Flexes neck laterally; elevates first rib during forced inspiration
41
What innervates posterior scalene?
Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8
42
What are the main actions of posterior scalene?
Flexes neck laterally; elevates second rib during forced inspiration
43
The right subclavian artery branches from...
brachiocephalic trunk
44
The left subclavian artery branches from...
arch of the aorta
45
What are the three parts of the subclavian artery in relation to anterior scalene?
1. Medial to anterior scalene
2. Deep to anterior scalene
3. Lateral to anterior scalene
46
What will branch from the subclavian artery medial to anterior scalene?
* Vertebral artery
* Internal thoracic artery
* Thyrocervical trunk
47
What will branch from the subclavian artery deep to anterior scalene?
Costocervical trunk
48
What will branch from the subclavian artery lateral to anterior scalene?
Dorsal scapular artery
49
The vertebral artery will branch from the subclavian medial to anterior scalene
What are the parts of the vertebral artery?
* Cervical part
* Vertebral part
* Suboccipital part
* Cranial part
50
The cervical part of the vertebral artery ascends between...
scalenes and longus coli muscles
51
The vertebral part of the vertebral artery passes through...
transverse foramen of C6-C1
52
The suboccipital part of the vertebral artery passes over ___ to enter ___
the groove for vertebral artery on C1 posterior arch to enter foramen magnum
53
The right and left cranial parts of the vertebral artery join to form...
basilar artery
54
The thyrocervical trunk branches off the subclavian artery medial to anterior scalene
What branches from the thyrocervical trunk?
* Inferior thyroid artery
* Ascending cervical artery
* Suprascapular artery
* Transverse cervical artery
55
The dorsal scapular artery is a deep branch of...
transverse cervical artery which branches off the thyrocervical trunk (which branches from subclavian artery)
...or it can come directly from the subclavian
56
The costocervical trunk branches from the subclavian artery deep to anterior scalene
What branches from the costocervical trunk?
* Superior intercostal artery
* Deep cervical artery
57
What are the main veins of the root of neck?
* External jugular vein
* Anterior jugular vein
* Internal jugular vein
58
The internal jugular vein is deep to...
SCM
59
The internal jugular vein terminates at what spinal level?
T1
60
The internal jugular vein unites with subclavian vein at venous angle to form...
brachiocephalic vein
61
What two veins unite to form the brachiocephalic vein?
Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein at venous angle
62
The subclavian vein is separated from the artery by...
anterior scalene muscle
63
What are the pericervical lymph nodes?
* Submental
* Submandibular
* Parotid
* Mastoid
* Occipital
64
Superficial lymph vessels follow...
veins
65
Deep lymph vessels follow...
arteries
66
All lymphatics of the neck drain into...
deep cervical lymph nodes along internal jugular vein
67
In the carotid triangle, the internal jugular vein lies lateral to the ___ artery
common carotid
68
The bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries occurs at what spinal level?
C3-C4
69
The external carotid artery lies ___ to the posterior belly of the digastric
deep
70
In the carotid sheath, the vagus nerve lies between...
internal jugular vein and common carotid artery
71
Vagus nerve is in the ___ part of carotid sheath
posterior
72
The right vagus passes anterior to ___ to enter thorax
passes anterior to **1st part of subclavian artery** to enter thorax
73
The left vagus passes between ___ and ___ to enter thorax
passes between **left common carotid** and **left subclavian** to enter thorax
74
Where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Loops around right subclavian artery (T1-T2)
75
Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Loops around arch of aorta (T4-T5)
76
Both recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in ___ to supply ___
ascend in **tracheo-esophageal groove** to supply **trachea, esophagus, and larynx**
77
Where is the inferior nodose ganglion (sensory ganglion)?
At jugular foramen
78
Does the cervical sympathetic trunk receive white rami communicantes?
No
79
What spinal level is the superior cervical ganglion?
C1-C2
80
Which ganglion is associated with postganglionic fibers for internal carotid plexus?
Superior cervical ganglion
81
Which ganglion is associated with arterial branches to external carotid artery branches?
Superior cervical ganglion
82
Which ganglion is associated with gray rami to C1-C4 spinal nerves?
Superior cervical ganglion
83
Which ganglion is associated with superior cervical cardiac nerve?
Superior cervical ganglion
84
Which ganglion is associated with postganglionic fibers for gray rami of C5-C6 spinal nerves?
Middle cervical ganglion
85
Which ganglion is associated with middle cervical cardiac nerve?
Middle cervical ganglion
86
Which ganglion is associated with arterial plexus to thyroid gland?
Middle cervical ganglion
87
Which cervical ganglion is the smallest and may be absent?
Middle cervical ganglion
88
Where is the middle cervical ganglion?
At level of cricoid cartilage and TP of C6
89
In 80% of individuals, inferior cervical ganglion fuses with ___ to form ___
inferior cervical ganglion fuses with **T1 ganglion** to form **cervicothoracic ganglion (stellate ganglion)**
90
Where is the inferior cervical ganglion?
Anterior to TP of C7 and posterior to vertebral artery
91
Which ganglion is associated with postganglionic fibers for gray rami of C7-C8 spinal nerves?
Inferior cervical ganglion
92
Which ganglion is associated with inferior cervical cardiac nerve?
Inferior cervical ganglion
93
Which ganglion is associated with arterial branches to vertebral artery?
Inferior cervical ganglion
94
What is ansa subclavia?
Nerve loop that connects middle and inferior cervical ganglia
Loops around the subclavian artery (each of them)
95
What viscera is within the endocrine layer of the neck?
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
96
What viscera is within the respiratory layer of the neck?
Larynx and trachea
97
What viscera is within the alimentary layer of the neck?
Pharynx and esophagus
98
What is the largest endocrine gland?
Thyroid gland
99
Where is the thyroid gland?
At level of C5-T1 anterolateral to larynx and trachea
100
Right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by...
isthmus (at 2nd -3rd tracheal rings)
101
The thyroid gland is surrounded by...
fibrous capsule
102
What arteries supply the thyroid gland and where do they branch from?
* Superior thyroid (external carotid artery branch)
* Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk branch)
103
Where are the parathyroid glands?
External to thyroid capsule on posterior surface of thyroid gland
104
How many parathyroid glands are there?
Bilateral pairs: superior and inferior glands
105
Parathyroid hormone excretion regulates...
serum calcium
106
What artery supplies the parathyroid glands?
Inferior thyroid artery
