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Gross Anatomy III > Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

How many bones can be found in the orbit?

A

7 bones

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2
Q

Orbital axes is approximately…

A

45 degrees

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3
Q

Optical axes (direction/line of sight) is…

A

parallel

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4
Q

Name six contents of the orbit

A
  • Eye (ball and nerve)
  • Extra-ocular muscles
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Periorbital fat and fascia
  • Conjunctiva
  • Nerves and blood vessels
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5
Q

What are the functions of the eyelids?

A
  • Protect eyeball and cornea
  • Spread lacrimal fluid to keep cornea moist
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6
Q

Eyelids are externally covered by ___ and internally lined by ___

A

covered by skin and internally lined by conjunctiva

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7
Q

What are tarsal (meibomian) glands?

A

Ciliary glands along eyelashes that secrete lipids to lubricate edges of eyelids

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8
Q

What is a palpebral fissure?

A

Opening between superior and inferior eyelids

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9
Q

What are palpebral commissures?

A

Where superior and inferior eyelids meet medially and laterally

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10
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland and what does it secrete?

A

Located in superolateral part of orbit and secretes lacrimal fluid

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11
Q

Excretory ducts of the lacrimal gland lead to…

A

lacrimal canaliculi (small canals) near medial angle of eye

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12
Q

What is the lacrimal sac?

A

Dilated superior part of nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

The nasolacrimal duct drains into…

A

inferior nasal meatus

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14
Q

Lacrimal fluid production is stimulated by which cranial nerve’s fibers?

A

Parasympathetic fibers from CN VII

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15
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic fibers) joins deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic fibers) to form…

A

the nerve of pterygoid canal (vidian nerve) to pterygopalatine ganglion

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16
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Postganglionic fibers travel from pterygopalatine ganglion on ___ to ___

A

on zygomatic nerve (branch of V2) to lacrimal nerve (branch of V1)

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17
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Sympathetic fibers travel from ___ to ___ as deep petrosal nerve to nerve of pterygoid canal

A

superior cervical ganglion to internal carotid plexus

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18
Q

lacrimal apparatus

Sympathetic fibers travel from superior cervical ganglion to internal carotid plexus as ___ to ___

A

deep petrosal nerve to nerve of pterygoid canal

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber of anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Cornea to iris/pupil

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior chamber of anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Iris/pupil to ciliary body

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21
Q

The anterior segment of the eyeball is filled with…

A

aqueous humor

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22
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Lens to retina

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23
Q

The posterior segment of the eyeball is filled with…

A

vitreous humor

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24
Q

The posterior segment of the eyeball is held in place by the…

A

mesh vitreous body

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25
What are the three layers of the eyeball?
* Fibrous layer (outer coat) * Vascular layer (middle coat) * Inner layer (inner coat)
26
What structures are found in the fibrous layer of the eyeball?
* Sclera * Cornea
27
What is the sclera?
* Opaque (white) layer covering posterior 5/6 * Attachment for muscles
28
What is the cornea?
* Transparent layer covering anterior 1/6 * Completely avascular
29
What structures are found in the vascular layer of the eyeball?
* Choroid * Ciliary body * Iris
30
Describe choroid
* Dark reddish-brown layer * Highly vascular
31
What is ciliary body?
* Ring-like thickening posterior to corneoscleral junction (ora serrata) * Smooth muscle and vasculature
32
___ secrete aqueous humor
Ciliary processes (of ciliary body)
33
What attaches ciliary body to lens?
Suspensory ligaments
34
What are the two muscles found in the iris?
* Sphincter pupillae * Dilator pupillae
35
What is the innervation of sphincter pupillae?
Parasympathetic innervation
36
What is the innervation of dilator pupillae?
Sympathetic innervation
37
What layer of the eyeball contains the retina and its structures?
Inner layer
38
What is the optic disc?
Blind spot of the retina
39
What is fovea centralis?
Center of macula lutea, densely saturated with cones
40
What is ora serrata?
Irregular border of macula between retina and ciliary body
41
What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III) and sympathetic fibers
42
What is the main action of levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevate superior eyelid
43
What is the innervation of superior oblique?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
44
What are the main actions of superior oblique?
Adducts, depresses, and medially rotates eyeball
45
What is the innervation of inferior oblique?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
46
What are the main actions of inferior oblique?
Abducts, elevates, and laterally rotates eyeball
47
What is the innervation of superior rectus?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
48
What are the main actions of superior rectus?
Elevates, adducts, and rotates eyeball medially
49
What is the innervation of inferior rectus?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
50
What are the main actions of inferior rectus?
Depresses, adducts, and rotates eyeball laterally
51
What is the innervation of medial rectus?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
52
What is the main action of medial rectus?
Adducts eyeball
53
What is the innervation of lateral rectus?
Abducent nerve (CN VI)
54
What is the main action of lateral rectus?
Abducts eyeball
55
The optic nerve (CN II) exits the skull through...
optic canal
56
The oculomotor nerve (CN III) exits the skull through...
superior orbital fissure
57
The superior division of the occulomotor nerve (CN III) innervates which muscles?
Levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus
58
The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates which muscles?
Medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique
59
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion are involved in which cranial nerve?
Inferior division of oculomotor nerve (CN III)
60
The trochlear nerve (CN IV) exits the skull through...
superior orbital fissure
61
Which muscle does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervate?
Superior oblique
62
Abducent nerve (CN VI) exits the skull through...
superior orbital fissure
63
What muscle does abducent nerve (CN VI) innervate?
Lateral rectus
64
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) exits the skull through...
superior orbital fissure
65
The frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve, and lacrimal nerve all come from...
ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
66
Where is the ciliary ganglion?
Located between optic nerve and lateral rectus
67
Short ciliary nerves are sensory branches of...
V1 (nasociliary nerve)
68
Short ciliary nerves carry what fibers to where?
Postganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers to **ciliary body and sphincter pupillae**
69
Which ciliary nerves go through ciliary ganglion?
Short ciliary nerves (long ciliary nerves do not)
70
Long ciliary nerves are sensory branches of...
V1
71
Long ciliary nerves carry what fibers to where?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to **dilator pupillae**
72
What are the main arteries of the orbit?
* Ophthalmic artery * Infraorbital artery
73
The ophthalmic artery is a branch of...
internal carotid artery
74
What are the branches off the ophthalmic artery?
* Central artery of retina * Lacrimal
75
The infraorbital artery is a branch of...
maxillary artery
76
What are the veins of the orbit and what do they drain into?
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain into cavernous sinus
77
After a resection of a lymphangioma from the apex of her right lung, a patient experiences ptosis and miosis in her right eye What structure was likely damaged during the surgery?
Sympathetic trunk/chain
78
Obstruction of what structure prevents tears from draining?
Lacrimal gland

Gross Anatomy III (19 decks)

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